Regarding schooling and educational outcomes, the below 2 datasets might work as a starting point:
The National Achievement Survey (NAS), by the Ministry of Education, for assessing educational outcomes. The previous 2 surveys were done in 2017 and 2021. There is national/state/district level data for school participation, performance and learning outcomes. These reports can be found on the NAS site:
https://nas.gov.in/report-card
The Annual Status of Education
Report (ASER), done annually and targeted at rural India. They have extensive documentation of the data collection process/methodology. Unfortunately due to the pandemic, 2020 and 2021 had to be done as phone-based surveys, unlike other years' which are field surveys. All the reports (2022 being the latest) can be found on the ASER site:
http://www.asercentre.org/Keywords/p/407.html
Some of ASER's raw datasets, seem to be up on GitHub already (
https://github.com/PrathamOrg/ASER-Dataset), but reaching out to the folks at ASER directly would probably be the best way to get the latest raw datasets.
Regards,
Vivek