The main page for Universal Dependencies is
universaldependencies.org. At that page the links under “Understanding UD” as the most important.
In particular the links go to
1. "UPOS tags" for the list of universal part of speech tags
2. “Deprels” for the description of the grammatical relations.
3. “Feats” for a summary of available features.
#1 and #2 or partially universal, #3 is decidedly not.
For each language there is extensive further docementation if you click on the language in the list and then the “language documentation” page.
These codes and concepts are very widely accepted in the NLP community and also by at least some linguists.
— Brian MacWhinney
Teresa Heinz Professor of Cognitive Psychology,
Language Technologies and Modern Languages, CMU