Ancient Indian Sweets

[Radhakrishna Warrier]

According to the Malayalam Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇam of Eẓuttacchan, King Daśaratha of Ayodhya performed Putrakāmeṣṭi Yajña as advised by sage Vasiṣṭha, and on completion of the yajña Agni appeared and gave the king a bowl of sweet Pāyasam to be given to his three queens for putralabdhi (for begetting sons). Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇam follows the original Sanskrit Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa so I presume the mention of Pāyasam is there in Vālmīki Rāmayaṇa also.  Payas is milk in Sanskrit, and so Pāyasam must have been a milk based dessert.  To this day we in Kerala make the yummy Pāl Pāyasam but it is sugar that is used as the sweetening agent.  I suspect sugar was not there in the ancient days and hence jaggery (Gu.ḍ ग़ुड़) must have been the sweetening agent.  We make Pāyasam sweetened with jaggery also, called Prathaman (പ്രഥമൻ प्रथमन्), but it is not Payas (milk) based; instead, we use coconut milk.  Other ingredients can include Chana dal, Moong dal and aḍa (rice flakes).  

What were the other sweets consumed as dessert in ancient India? I faintly remember a story in which a lady asks a king not to throw water on her and the king mistakes it as a request for the sweet modakam.  So, modakam must have been an ancient Indian sweet.  Kerala Hindus prepare modakam to this day.  I believe laddoo too must have been an ancient Indian sweet dessert.

Regards,

Radhakrishna Warrier

[Nagaraj Paturi]

अपूपः apūpaḥ [न पूयते विशीर्यते, पू-प. न. त. Tv.] 1 A small round cake of flour, meal &c. (Mar. वडा, घारगा, अनरसा &c.), thicker than ordinary cakes and mixed with sugar and spices; कृसरसंयावं पायसापूपमेव Ms.5.7. भीमेनातिबलेन मत्स्यभवनेऽपूपा न संघट्टिताः Pt.3.172; अपूपं गुरवे तं च सामृतं स न्यवेदयत् । Bm.1.38. -2 Wheat. -3 Honey-comb. आदित्यो देवमंधु...अन्तरिक्षमपूपो Chān. Up.3.1.1. -शाला a Sweetmeat shop; सभाप्रपापूपशाला Ms.9.264.

Please note  अपूपः stood for sweetmeat in general too:

-शाला a Sweetmeat shop; सभाप्रपापूपशाला Ms.9.264.

  

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

Director, Indic Academy

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

BoS Veda Vijnana Gurukula, Bengaluru.

Member, Advisory Council, Veda Vijnana Shodha Samsthanam, Bengaluru

BoS Rashtram School of Public Leadership

Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Studies in Public Leadership

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies, 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education, 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

 

 

 

[V Subrahmanian]

In practice, during shraaddham, I have heard these words being used:  माषापूपः = uddina vaDa,  गुडापूपः = what is called 'appam'.  

regards

subrahmanian.v

[Sivasenani Nori]

Namaste

Some time back, I was asked to translate Slokas which gave the recipes for haridraanna, mudganna, guDaanna, dadhyanna and paayasaanna. I am attaching the same for those who can read Telugu. 

Regards

N Siva Senani

[Kushagra Aniket]

Payasam is indeed mentioned in the Valmiki Ramayana (1.16.15):

दिव्यपायससम्पूर्णां पात्रीं पत्नीमिव प्रियाम्।
प्रगृह्य विपुलां दोर्भ्यां स्वयं मायामयीमिव।।

As I understand it, Payasam is Kheer. The Amarakosha defines Payasam as परमान्नम्. The Shabakalpadruma quotes a text पाकराजेश्वरः-

अतप्ततण्डुलो धौतः परिभृष्टो घृतेन च।

खण्डयुक्तेन दुग्धेन पाचितः पायसो भवेत्॥

The description shows that it is very similar to present day Kheer. Jaggery or gud is often used as the sweetener in Kheer. It is popular in Bihar and Bengal.

Best,

Kushagra

Kushagra Aniket

Cornell University'15

ka...@cornell.edu

To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/bvparishat/CAAs%2BaZMwhCWP5ce9dLCFHZ%2BhPA1KiAqiAQi328kg6Bs3qsn3tw%40mail.gmail.com.

[Prabhu]

"Panchbhakshya" is supposed to include:

- अतिरस:

- लड्डुक

- hOLige, pUraN pOli  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puran_poli 

- apUpa

- jalebi /  विजिल

  विजिल:  (I have read somewhere विजिल is same as "jalebi" ... not sure how true, though!)

        Vachaspatyam:

                  विजिल is an alternate of विजिन. विजिन(ल)
                  न० विज—इनच् इलच् किच्च । सरसव्यञ्जये “पाकरूपरसासक्ते व्यञ्जने तु भवेत् त्रयम् ।

                  तैलपाक- सुसंस्कारे प्रशस्तमुपसंस्कृतम् । विजिनं लालसीकञ्च विजिलं विज्जिलञ्च तत्” शब्दर० ।

Also there is:

- मुद्गमोदक (made of मुद्ग :, and, I believe, a sweet dish)

sarvebhyo namaH

prabhu

[Shashi Joshi]

The modaka story is from kathAsaritsAgar 1.6.115

Where modaka = mA + udaka

Thanks,

~ Shashi

On Mon, Mar 29, 2021 at 9:44 AM Radhakrishna Warrier <radwa...@hotmail.com> wrote:

[K S Kannan]

Best to look into

Kṣema-kutūhala and

Bhojana-kutūhala

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Dr. K.S.Kannan  D.Litt.

​Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj Chair Professor, IIT-Madras.

Senior Fellow, ICSSR, New Delhi.

Academic Director, Swadeshi Indology.

Member, Academic Council, Veda Vijnana Shodha Samsthana.

Nominated Member, IIAS, Shimla.

Former Professor, CAHC, Jain University, Bangalore.

Former Director, Karnataka Samskrit University, Bangalore.

Former Head, Dept. of Sanskrit, The National Colleges, Bangalore.

[उ॒ज्ज्व॒लः]

अनु॑गृहीताः स्मः शशिमहोदय!

न चे॑तसि स्व॒रं रा॑जन्॒! “मोद॒कै” “र्मोद॑कै॒”—र्द्वयोः॑।

[Nagaraj Paturi]

https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/apte_query.py?qs=sweetmeat&matchtype=default

Search for term sweetmeat throughout dictionary

41 results

   1) अपूपः apūpaḥ (p. 157)

...Up.3.1.1. -शाला a Sweetmeat shop; सभाप्रपापूपशाला Ms.9.264.

   2) अमृत amṛta (p. 205)

...सुधा चैव सुधा चैवामृतं तथा Mb.13.67.12. -13 Food in general. -14 Boiled rice. -15 Anything sweet, anything lovely or charming; a sweetmeat. यथामृतघटं दंशा मकरा इव चार्णवम् Rām.7.7.3. -16 Property. -17 Gold. -18 Quicksilver. -19 Poison. -20 The poison...

   3) इक्षुः ikṣuḥ (p. 380)

...of a tree (Mar. तालिमखाना.). -2 the काश grass. -वाटिका, -वाटी 1 a kind of sugar-cane (पुण्ड्रक). -2 a garden of sugar-canes. -विकारः 1 sugar, molasses. -2 any sweetmeat. -शाकटम्, -शाकिनम् a field fit...

   4) उत्करिका utkarikā (p. 404)

उत्करिका utkarikā A sort of sweetmeat made with milk, treacle, and ghee.

   5) उपाहारः upāhāraḥ (p. 474)

उपाहारः upāhāraḥ Slight refreshment (fruits, sweetmeats &c.).

   6) कठिन kaṭhina (p. 521)

नितान्तकठिनां रुजं मम न वेद सा मानसीम् V.2.11. -5 Giving pain. -नः A thicket. -ना 1 A sweetmeat made with refined sugar. -2 An earthen vessel for cooking; (n. also in this sense). -नी Chalk. See कठिनिका. -नम्...

   7) कुण्डली, कुण्डलिका kuṇḍalī, kuṇḍalikā (p. 581)

कुण्डली kuṇḍalī, कुण्डलिका kuṇḍalikā A kind of sweetmeat (Mar. जिलेबी.)

   8) खर्जूरिका kharjūrikā (p. 637)

खर्जूरिका kharjūrikā a kind of sweetmeat.

   9) खाण्डवः khāṇḍavaḥ (p. 638)

...of a town. -रागः a kind of sweetmeat; भक्ष्यखाण्डवरागाणां क्रियतां भुज्यतां तथा Mb.14.89.41.

   10) गौडः gauḍaḥ (p. 676)

...Here is an illustration : उन्मीलन्मधुगन्धलुब्धमधुपव्याधूतचूताङ्कुरः क्रीडत्कोकिलकाकंलीकलकलैरुद्गीर्णकर्णज्वराः । नीयन्ते पथिकैः कथं कथमपि ध्यानावधानक्षणप्राप्तप्राणसमासमागमरसोल्लासैरमी वासराः ॥ अलंकारशेखर 6. -डम् Sweetmeats; भोजनानि सुपूर्णानि गौडानि च सहस्रशः Rām.1.53.4. -a. Relating to or prepared from molasses; विविधानि च गौडानि खाण्डवानि तथैव च Rām.7.92.12. -Comp. -पादः N. of a commentator...

   11) घृत ghṛta (p. 688)

...8. -पशुः a sacrificial victim represented by ghee; कुर्याद् घृतपशुं संगे Ms.5.37. -पूरः, -वरः a kind of sweetmeat; also ˚पूर्वकः, -पृच् a. accompanied with ghee; घृतेन द्यावापृथिवी अभीवृते घृतश्रिया घृतपृचा घृतावृधा Rv.6.70.4. -पृष्ठ

   12) तिलः tilaḥ (p. 774)

...sandal tree. -2 frankincense. -3 turpentine. -पर्णिका, -पर्णि (र्ण)कम् sandal-wood. -पिच्चटम् Sweetmeat of sesamum powder and sugar; L. D. B. -पिञ्जः, -पेजः barren sesamum. -पीडः an oilman; स्नेहेन तिलवत्सर्वं सर्गचक्रे निपीड्यते । तिलपीडैरिव

   13) पललः palalaḥ (p. 997)

पललः palalaḥ A demon, goblin, an evil spirit. -लम् 1 Flesh. -2 Mire, mud. -3 A sweetmeat made of ground sesamum and sugar. -Comp. -आशयः swelled neck. -ज्वरः gall, bile. -प्रियः 1 a raven.

   14) पिप्पटा, पिप्पडा pippaṭā, pippaḍā (p. 1023)

पिप्पटा pippaṭā, पिप्पडा pippaḍā 1 A kind of sweetmeat. -2Sugar.

   15) प्रहेणकम् praheṇakam (p. 1123)

प्रहेणकम् praheṇakam 1 A kind of pastry (पिष्टक). -2 Sweetmeats distributed at festivals.

   16) प्रहेलकः prahelakaḥ (p. 1123)

प्रहेलकः prahelakaḥ 1 A kind of cake or sweetmeat. -2 A riddle; see प्रहेलिका below.

   17) फेणी, फेनिका pheṇī, phenikā (p. 1148)

फेणी pheṇī, फेनिका phenikā f. A kind of sweetmeat; L. D. B.

   18) बृंहण bṛṃhaṇa (p. 1171)

बृंहण bṛṃhaṇa a. Fostering, nourishing. -णः A kind of sweetmeat. -णम् 1 Nourishing. -2 The roaring noise (of an elephant); रथ्याघोषैर्बृंहणैर्वारणानाम् Śi.18.3.

   19) भुर्भुरिका, भुर्भुरी bhurbhurikā, bhurbhurī (p. 1202)

भुर्भुरिका bhurbhurikā, भुर्भुरी bhurbhurī A kind of sweetmeat or eatable.

   20) मण्ठः maṇṭhaḥ (p. 1222)

मण्ठः maṇṭhaḥ A kind of baked sweetmeat.

   21) मण्डल maṇḍala (p. 1223)

-16 A kind of leprosy with round spots. -17 A kind of perfume. -18 A circular bandage (in surgery). -19 A sugar-ball, sweetmeat. -20 Sexual dalliance; नानाविचित्र- कृतमण्डलमावहन्तीम् Bil. Ch. (उत्तरपीठिका) 38. -21 A circular gait; हय इव मण्डलमाशु यः करोति Rām.6...

   22) मधु madhu (p. 1230)

a kind of drink mixed with honey. -मल्लिः, -ल्ली f. the Mālatī creeper. -मस्तकम् a kind of sweetmeat made of honey, flour, oil, and ghee; मधुतैलघृतैर्मध्ये वेष्टिताः समिताश्च याः । मधुमस्तकमुद्दिष्टम् ..... Śabda-chandrikā. -माक्षिकम् = मधुधातु q. v. -माधवम्, -वौ...

   23) मिष्ट miṣṭa (p. 1271)

मिष्ट miṣṭa a. [मिष्-क्त] 1 Sweet. -2 Dainty, savoury; किं मिष्टमन्नं खरसूकराणाम्; cf. 'why cast pearls before swine.' -3 Moistened, wetted. -ष्टम् 1 A sweetmeat. -2 A dainty or savoury dish. -ष्टा

   24) मुद्गः mudgaḥ (p. 1277)

-3 A kind of sea-bird. -4 A kind of weapon (मुद्गर); विरूपाक्षस्तु महता शूलमुद्गधनुष्मता Rām.6.37.14. -Comp. -पर्णी Phaseolus Trilobus (Mar. रानमूग). -मोदकः a kind of sweetmeat; Bhāva. P. -भुज्, -भोजिन् m. a horse.

   25) मोदक modaka (p. 1293)

मोदक modaka a. (-का, -की f.) [मोदयति-मुद् णिच् ण्वुल्] 1 Pleasing, delighting, gladdening. -2 Glad, delighted. -कः, -कम् 1 A sweetmeat in general; Y.1.289 (com. मोदकाः लड्डुकाः).

   26) मोदकिका modakikā (p. 1293)

मोदकिका modakikā A sweetmeat.

   27) मौदक maudaka (p. 1294)

मौदक maudaka a. (-की f.) 1 Relating to sweetmeats. -2 Dealing in sweetmeats.

   28) रागः rāgaḥ (p. 1334)

...of Rati, wife of Cupid. -लेखा a streak or mark of paint. -वर्धनः (in music) a kind of measure. -वृन्तः the god of love. -षाडवः a kind of sweetmeat. -सूत्रम् 1 any coloured thread. -2 a silk-thread. -3 the...

   29) लड्डुः, लड्डुकः laḍḍuḥ, laḍḍukaḥ (p. 1357)

लड्डुः laḍḍuḥ, लड्डुकः laḍḍukaḥ A kind of sweetmeat (a round ball of sugar, wheat or rice-flour, ghee, and spices).

   30) लोपिका lopikā (p. 1374)

लोपिका lopikā A kind of sweetmeat.

   31) वर्षः, वर्षम् varṣaḥ, varṣam (p. 1398)

...or Śarat season. -आघोषः a frog. -आमदः a peacock. -उपलः 1 hail stone -2 a kind of sweetmeat ball; घनैरमीषां परिवेषकैर्जनैरवर्षि वर्षोपलगोलकावली N.16.100. -करः a cloud. (-री) a cricket. -कालः the rainy season.

   32) वाचनकम् vācanakam (p. 1408)

वाचनकम् vācanakam 1 A riddle. -2 A kind of sweetmeat.

   33) वायनम्, वायनकम् vāyanam, vāyanakam (p. 1414)

वायनम् vāyanam, वायनकम् vāyanakam 1 A present of sweetmeats made to a deity, particularly to a Brāhmaṇa, on festive occasions; observance of fasts &c. -2 A kind of perfume.

   34) विष्यन्दनम् viṣyandanam (p. 1480)

विष्यन्दनम् viṣyandanam A kind of sweetmeat.

   35) शङ्खः, शङ्खम् śaṅkhaḥ, śaṅkham (p. 1528)

...Up.2.4.8. -ध्वनिः the sound of a conch (sometimes, but erroneously, used to denote a cry of alarm or despair). -नखः a kind of aquatic animal, snail; लग्नैः शङ्खनखैः Mb.13.50.20. -पालः 1 an epithet of the sun. -2 a kind of sweetmeat (Mar...

   36) षाडवः ṣāḍavaḥ (p. 1584)

षाडवः ṣāḍavaḥ 1 Passion, sentiment. -2 Singing, music. -3 (In music). A Rāga in which six of the seven primary notes are used; औडवः पञ्चभिः प्रोक्तः स्वरैः षड्भिस्तु षाडवः । -4 Confectionery, sweetmeats; Suśr.

   37) संदानिका sandānikā (p. 1619)

संदानिका sandānikā A kind of sweetmeat; L. D. B.

   38) संदेशः sandeśaḥ (p. 1619)

संदेशः sandeśaḥ 1 Information, news, tidings. -2 A message, an errand; संदेशं मे हर धनपतिक्रोधविश्लेषितस्य Me.7,13; R.12.63; Ku.6.2. -3 Commission, command; अनुष्ठितो गुरोः संदेशः Ś.5. -4 A kind of sweetmeat. -Comp. -अर्थः

   39) सिंहः siṃhaḥ (p. 1679)

...Ch.1.5. -कर्णी a particular position of the right hand in shooting an arrow. -केशरः, -केसरः 1 the Bakula tree. -2 a lion's mane. -3 a kind of sweetmeat. -गः an epithet of Śiva. -तलम् the palms of the hands...

   40) सेविका sevikā (p. 1703)

सेविका sevikā 1 A maid servant. -2 A kind of sweetmeat (Mar. फेणी).

   41) सौभाग्यम् saubhāgyam (p. 1708)

...v.). -तृतीया the third day of the bright half of Bhādrapada. -देवता an auspicious or tutelary deity. -वायनम् an auspicious offering of sweetmeats &c. -विलोपिन् a. marring or impairing beauty; अनन्तरत्नप्रभवस्य यस्य हिमं न सौभाग्यविलोपि जातम् Ku.1.3.

On Tue, Mar 30, 2021 at 12:05 PM 'उ॒ज्ज्व॒लः' via भारतीयविद्वत्परिषत् <bvpar...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

अनु॑गृहीताः स्मः शशिमहोदय!

न चे॑तसि स्व॒रं रा॑जन्॒! “मोद॒कै” “र्मोद॑कै॒”—र्द्वयोः॑।

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[K S Kannan]

A bit surprising that the source of the verse unmīlan-madhu-gandha ...

is given (under 10) as Alaṅkāra-śekhara,

though it is originally from Gīta-govinda.

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

अपूपः, अमृत, उत्करिका, कठिना, कुण्डलिका, खर्जूरिका, खाण्डवः , घृतपूरः/घृतवरः , तिलपिच्चटम्‌, पललः , पिप्पडा, प्रहेणकम्‌, प्रहेलकः, फेनिका, बृंहणः, भुर्भुरिका/भुर्भुरी, मण्ठः, मण्डल, मधुमस्तकम्‌, मिष्टम्‌, मुद्गमोदकः, मोदकः/मोदकम्‌, मोदकिका, लड्डुः/लड्डुकः, लोपिका, वर्षोपलः, वाचनकम्‌, विष्यंदनम्‌ , शण्खपालः, संदानिका, संदेशः, सिंहकेसरः, सेविका

are the names of specific sweet dishes from the Apte dictionary. 

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[Vineet Chaitanya]

In our region Ratlamm Ujjain, Indore we have a sweet called घेवर which is प्राकृत of घृतपूरः/घृतवरः

Regards

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