Symposium on Jaati, Varna, and Caste

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Apr 9, 2023, 12:58:33 AM4/9/23
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The English word and concept of "caste" is often used as a translation for the emic words and concepts of jaati/kula(mu) and Varna, which are often mutually conflated. This word and concept have gained attention on global, Indian national, and regional forums, both from an academic and activist perspective. However, from the beginning of the colonial and modern discourse, the word "caste" has been used in a pejorative sense to mean a discriminatory and inhuman social system. As a result, both the words Varna and Jaati acquired the same pejorative connotation, which makes it difficult to interpret and understand pre-modern classical Sanskrit and other Indian language texts.

This problem leads to issues in both academic and activist aspects. At an academic level, this problem can be resolved only by exploring the possible positive sense in which the word Varna could have been used in these texts. Additionally, there is the problem of interpreting traditional oral literature such as folk and tribal literature, where words such as jaati/kula(mu) are used in a neutral or positive sense to express and discuss the self-esteem, hereditary occupations, customs and traditions, deities, worship, rituals, and rites of passage of the jaati/kula(mu).

There is also a problem in textual interpretation, as debates around the validity of Varna-based superiority claims in ancient Buddhist and other texts are in conflict and contradiction with the expressions in the ancient texts where Varna is treated as a 'Dharma', a social order that deserves to be followed and protected by the rulers. Similarly, the word jaati/kula(mu) has a similar problem of textual interpretation, as there are expressions in oral and written texts of Bhakti and Yoga movements where a 'right' to spiritual practice and attainment is argued not to be based on jaati/kulam(u).

The pejorative use of the word "caste" at an international level has reached such a level that today, it is universally used to mean any discrimination towards a human group anywhere in the world. However, there are academic endeavors in which the positive and neutral ideas behind the emic words and concepts of Jaati and Varna are being brought to light through decolonizing and modernity-critiquing efforts.

Another major area that is receiving attention is the changing contemporary reality regarding the continuity or discontinuity of different features of jaati and/or Varna in contemporary society. The categorization of jaatis into SC, ST, OBC, and General OC categories due to policy provisions, studies on horizontal and vertical mobility of castes/jaatis during modern times, and the role of jaati/caste in contemporary democratic politics are also being studied. Additionally, cultural anthropological studies on Indian society, Indian village, and other aspects such as Dominant Caste, Jajmani System, Bara Balutedar system, Sanskritization, Kshatriyization, etc. are contributing to a better understanding of the words and concepts of Jaati and Varna, particularly in relation to the concept of caste.

INDICA is organizing a symposium on the topic of Jaati, Varna, and Caste to bring together colonial, modern, decolonizing, and modernity-critiquing discussions on the topic.



***SCHEDULE***

# Speaker Topic Time
1 Dr. Nagaraj Paturi
Senior Director & Chief Curator, INDICA
Welcome Address & Opening Remarks 09:30AM
2 Sri Srinivas Udumudi Varna: From Buddha to Vemana 09:45AM
3 Dr. Karanam Aravinda Rao
Retd. DGP & Trustee, INDICA
Varna and Caste - What Our Texts Say 10:15AM
4 Sri Nithin Sridhar
Chief Curator, Indica Moksha
The Missing Link: The Ritual Dimension of Varna Dharma 10:45AM
5 Sri Mylavarapu Sudha Mohan Emic Perspective on the Differences Between the Colonial Caste System and Hindu Varna, Kula, Jaati Systems 11:15AM
6 Prof. M S Chaitra A Prelude to New Ways of Looking at Jaati & Varna 11:45AM
7 Prof. R.Vaidyanathan Caste as Social Capital 12:15AM
8 Prof. Kanagaraj Eswaran Varna Jati and Samaya: An Insider Understanding of Social Integration from the Kongu Region 12:45AM
LUNCH BREAK
01:15 to 02:00 PM
9 Sri Halley Kalyan Understanding Machine-vaad before putting Manu-vaad in the dock 02:00PM
10 Sri Ashish Dhar Understanding Modernity Through Caste 02:30PM
11 Sri Prakash Shah Caste in the West 03:00PM
12 Sri Shivakumar GV
Scholar-in-Residence, INDICA
Kula-Jati-Varna: An Adaptive Societal Order Based on Rta for an Optimal Pursuit of Purushartha 03:30PM
13 Sri Sumanspati Reddy Tribes and Castes : Within and Between Themselves 04:00PM
14 Dr. Nagaraj Paturi
Senior Director & Chief Curator, INDICA
Jaati Studies from Inside Jaati: Interface of Jaati with Traditional Varna Lens and Contemporary Caste Lens 04:30PM
15 Sri Nikunj Trivedi Creating “Caste Consciousness”: The Colonial Re-engineering of Indian Society 05:00PM
16 Dr. Rajiv Malhotra
Author, Researcher, Professor & Founder, Infinity Foundation
Valedictory Address 05:30PM
17 Dr. Nagaraj Paturi
Senior Director & Chief Curator, INDICA
Conclusion & Vote of Thanks 06:00PM
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Ramesh Rao

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Apr 10, 2023, 8:42:53 AM4/10/23
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Good to see this... Would have been good to include Vishal Agarwal and Maragatham among the speakers.

Looking forward to listening to this good group of speakers.

Ramesh Rao

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Nagaraj Paturi

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Apr 11, 2023, 10:31:30 AM4/11/23
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Already the list has come to be long. 

Usually our symposiums are half day events. 

This one has turned out to be a day long one. 

Since there seems to be a bigger availability of resources, we can think of a part 2 of this one in future. 

On Tue, Apr 11, 2023 at 6:54 PM Jijith Nadumuri Ravi <jiji...@gmail.com> wrote:
Looking forward to it. Could have represented everybody who contributed to the discussion on this important topic, in this mail list, thereby giving representation to all the diverse views that our group-members have on this topic.


Jijith Nadumuri Ravi, Ex-Scientist ISRO
Dharma Digital  - 100 plus Metaverse Ready Devata Digital Holograms
AncientVoice - 25K plus Wiki pages on Veda Itihāsa Purāṇas


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Nagaraj Paturi
 
Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.


Senior Director, IndicA
BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra
BoS Kavikulaguru Kalidasa Sanskrit University, Ramtek, Maharashtra
BoS Veda Vijnana Gurukula, Bengaluru.
Member, Advisory Council, Veda Vijnana Shodha Samsthanam, Bengaluru
BoS Rashtram School of Public Leadership
Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of Studies in Public Leadership
Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies, 
FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education, 
Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.
 
 
 

Ramesh Rao

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Apr 11, 2023, 10:41:56 AM4/11/23
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Would love to see a good set of papers emerging out of this symposium.

Ramesh
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Ramesh Rao

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Apr 11, 2023, 4:22:17 PM4/11/23
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Please see this "new" scholarship on "caste":


Ramesh Rao

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Nagaraj Paturi

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Apr 15, 2023, 10:41:55 PM4/15/23
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It is today. 

You may still join. 

Yes, if you miss today by any chance, you may watch the video recording. 

On Sun, Apr 16, 2023 at 7:41 AM Raghu Ananthanarayanan <ragh...@gmail.com> wrote:
I was not able to join this since I was travelling. I am hoping there is will be video recordings of the proceedings available. Please let me know. 

Thanks,

Raghu

In solitude the silence through which the atman speaks finally becomes audible. 



On 10-Apr-2023, at 6:12 PM, Ramesh Rao <ramesh...@gmail.com> wrote:



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Nagaraj Paturi

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Apr 18, 2023, 10:54:00 AM4/18/23
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Coincidentally the video of the talk by Prof. M S Chaitra got uploaded just a few minutes ago. 

Sharing it here for the members here who did not attend the symposium to know and for those who attended for a recap.


On Tue, Apr 18, 2023 at 7:59 PM Prakash Shah <arya...@googlemail.com> wrote:
Prof MS Chaitra in his session just kept talking about how complex this whole sociocultural phenomenon is, especially while looked from the Western Frameworks, by giving many subjective opinions, and just stopped there without offering any value addition to the discourse, in the true style of some of the books of his Guru SN Balagangadhara 🙂

The fact that you may not have been able to understand Chaitra’s presentation or its importance does not mean that it was composed of subjective opinions. Your lack of ability to grasp it should not be used as a pretext to make an ad hominem remark on him or Balagangadhara. Balagangadhara’s is the best available research programme on India. If you don’t appreciate that then it is not their fault.

Best wishes,
Prakash 

On 18 Apr 2023, at 08:55, Jataayu <jata...@gmail.com> wrote:


My FB post on this:  https://www.facebook.com/jataayu.blore/posts/pfbid02gJnbgL5phzPWMfL2if3Z4TwswJF46W7XViYpoQVy5cGH1nRhbUkpkbrWhn3Sxqddl

Symposium on Jaati, Varna, Caste organized by INDICA was a good event with many thought-provoking and insightful presentations. I will share a few comments on some of the sessions. Complete video of all the sessions here: https://www.youtube.com/live/vQMOyEY9N4Q?feature=share
The sessions were well moderated and contextualized by Nagaraj Paturi. "Ground reality of Jati, Book reality of Varna, Colonial, governmental reality of Caste", he summarized in his own talk that came towards the end. He proposed Jati studies as an academic category like 'Gender studies' and remarked that this phenomenon should be studied from *inside* by recording and documenting how the Jati participants view all these 3 realities on the ground. I cannot agree more.
Sessions that focused on the *Present* and *contemporary* practical realities:
'Caste in politics divides, but caste in business and economic sphere unites', said Prof. R Vaidyanathan in his 'Caste as the Social Capital' which was strongly anchored in the contemporary realities and the hard data that he had collected and analyzed as part of his book by the same name. The session by Prof Kanagaraj Easwaran was insightful in which he highlighted how the harmonious religious traditions enrich and provide the much needed 'Social Integration' on the ground in the Kongu region in an organic way, without even being aware of 'Social theory' conceived by the West while creating the discipline of Sociology to address the problems created by modernity and Industrial revolution. The thoughtful session on 'Machinevaad' by Halley Kalyan threw light on the problems of loss of livelihood and rural poverty of Jatis involved in some specific crafts, weaving and other occupations, contrasting that with the high pitch discourse on 'Manuvaad'. The session by Sumanaspati Reddy discussed the issues related to Scheduled Tribe communities of Telengana and Andhra.
Prof MS Chaitra in his session just kept talking about how complex this whole sociocultural phenomenon is, especially while looked from the Western Frameworks, by giving many subjective opinions, and just stopped there without offering any value addition to the discourse, in the true style of some of the books of his Guru SN Balagangadhara 🙂
Sessions with a focus on the past, the theories on Varna, Jati concepts, religious scriptures etc. -
The talk 'Varna: from Buddha to Vemana' by Srinivas Udumudi gave a good overview of the early evolution of the Varna concepts from the Vedas through Dharma Sutras through Buddhism and later in Smritis, and then again in the medieval era through Bhakti movement stages. "The harsh criticism against birth based Varna and the notions of ritualistic purity, and the question on 'who is the true Brahmana" continues in the same tone for 2000 years from Buddha to Vemana, in many spiritual masters", he points out in the end. An important point for Hindu society and Hindutva sociopolitical consolidation in the present times.
"Ritualistic dimension of Varna" (Nitin Shridhar) and "Jati-Varna based on violence and non-violence" (Sushumna Kannan) - both these sessions were different kinds of apologist polemics and speculative attempts to "justify" the scriptural injunctions related social exclusion (of Shudras) and Varna based privileges (of Brahmanas) etc. The polemics was too much skewed towards justifying the scriptures, rather than presenting an unbiased and historical perspective in context.
There were some sessions on how the British Colonialism created the 'Caste' category that did not exist in the traditional Indian society. And some other sessions explaining how Kula-Jati-Varna was an adaptive, flexible social category originally but made into a rigid and fixed one now. This discourse has become popular and sort of "mainstream" now, thanks to the works of Dharmpal, Nicholas Dirks, and off late by Rajiv Malhotra.

Overall, the symposium was good, containing multifaceted ideas. I hope INDICA will bring this in the form of a book, like an anthology of essays. 

Regards,
Jtyu 






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కృష్ణ చైతన్య

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Apr 18, 2023, 12:06:20 PM4/18/23
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Sri Nagaraj garu,

Can you please point me to the links for the video recordings.

Regards,
Krishna Chaitanya.

Nagaraj Paturi

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Apr 18, 2023, 12:10:35 PM4/18/23
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jay.j...@gmail.com

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Apr 19, 2023, 12:08:06 AM4/19/23
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Jatayu ji

 

I too am flummoxed by your remark about Chaitra ji’s input.

 

Apart from the point that Aparna has just made regarding Prof Balu’s theory, you yourself say that “There were some sessions on how the British Colonialism created the 'Caste' category that did not exist in the traditional Indian society.”

 

I am flummoxed because this point is very much a subset of Balu’s theory.

 

Like Aparna, I too find myself in the position where my understanding India, and by extension of myself and my culture to be facilitated in great measure by Prof Balu’s school.

 

Regards

 

 

Jay Jina

 

From: indica...@googlegroups.com <indica...@googlegroups.com> On Behalf Of Aparna Jandhyala
Sent: Tuesday, April 18, 2023 7:13 PM
To: Prakash Shah <arya...@googlemail.com>
Cc: Jataayu <jata...@gmail.com>; Nagaraj Paturi <nagara...@gmail.com>; Raghu Ananthanarayanan <ragh...@gmail.com>; INDICA <IndicA...@googlegroups.com>; Founder <fou...@indica.org.in>; bvpar...@googlegroups.com; indicabooks100...@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: Symposium on Jaati, Varna, and Caste

 

Jataayu Garu,

 

I am  curious to know what subjective opinions Chaitra garu said.

I watched his session and he basically commented on how each of the theories can't satisfactorily explain the phenomenon in Indian society.

Unless one understands the drawbacks of existing theories, how can new theories be proposed?

 

As for Balu, I think his theory of lack of religion in India is the most satisfactory I have encountered as I struggled to make sense of India. His theory made sense because you "saw" it in real life. There was no hypotheses pulled out of thin air. Balu not only showed why India doesn't have religion but also showed why Westerners think that we have religion.

 

I am not learned enough to comment either on Balu or Chaitra mode deeply but that's my sense.

 

I will comment on the symposium separately but suffice to say that it was much needed and we need more of these at regular intervals.

 

Aparna

 

 

 

On Tue, Apr 18, 2023 at 9:23 AM 'Prakash Shah' via INDICA <IndicA...@googlegroups.com> wrote:

Posting again as the initial post was unclear at least as it appeared to me. 

 

Prof MS Chaitra in his session just kept talking about how complex this whole sociocultural phenomenon is, especially while looked from the Western Frameworks, by giving many subjective opinions, and just stopped there without offering any value addition to the discourse, in the true style of some of the books of his Guru SN Balagangadhara 🙂.png

 

The fact that you may not have been able to understand Chaitra’s presentation or its importance does not mean that it was composed of subjective opinions. Your lack of ability to grasp it should not be used as a pretext to make an ad hominem remark on him or Balagangadhara. Balagangadhara’s is the best available research programme on India. If you don’t appreciate that then it is not their fault.

 

Best wishes,

Prakash 



On 18 Apr 2023, at 15:29, Prakash Shah <arya...@googlemail.com> wrote:

 Prof MS Chaitra in his session just kept talking about how complex this whole sociocultural phenomenon is, especially while looked from the Western Frameworks, by giving many subjective opinions, and just stopped there without offering any value addition to the discourse, in the true style of some of the books of his Guru SN Balagangadhara

<🙂.png>

 

The fact that you may not have been able to understand Chaitra’s presentation or its importance does not mean that it was composed of subjective opinions. Your lack of ability to grasp it should not be used as a pretext to make an ad hominem remark on him or Balagangadhara. Balagangadhara’s is the best available research programme on India. If you don’t appreciate that then it is not their fault.

 

Best wishes,

Prakash 



On 18 Apr 2023, at 08:55, Jataayu <jata...@gmail.com> wrote:



My FB post on this:  https://www.facebook.com/jataayu.blore/posts/pfbid02gJnbgL5phzPWMfL2if3Z4TwswJF46W7XViYpoQVy5cGH1nRhbUkpkbrWhn3Sxqddl

Symposium on Jaati, Varna, Caste organized by INDICA was a good event with many thought-provoking and insightful presentations. I will share a few comments on some of the sessions. Complete video of all the sessions here: https://www.youtube.com/live/vQMOyEY9N4Q?feature=share

The sessions were well moderated and contextualized by Nagaraj Paturi. "Ground reality of Jati, Book reality of Varna, Colonial, governmental reality of Caste", he summarized in his own talk that came towards the end. He proposed Jati studies as an academic category like 'Gender studies' and remarked that this phenomenon should be studied from *inside* by recording and documenting how the Jati participants view all these 3 realities on the ground. I cannot agree more.

Sessions that focused on the *Present* and *contemporary* practical realities:

'Caste in politics divides, but caste in business and economic sphere unites', said Prof. R Vaidyanathan in his 'Caste as the Social Capital' which was strongly anchored in the contemporary realities and the hard data that he had collected and analyzed as part of his book by the same name. The session by Prof Kanagaraj Easwaran was insightful in which he highlighted how the harmonious religious traditions enrich and provide the much needed 'Social Integration' on the ground in the Kongu region in an organic way, without even being aware of 'Social theory' conceived by the West while creating the discipline of Sociology to address the problems created by modernity and Industrial revolution. The thoughtful session on 'Machinevaad' by Halley Kalyan threw light on the problems of loss of livelihood and rural poverty of Jatis involved in some specific crafts, weaving and other occupations, contrasting that with the high pitch discourse on 'Manuvaad'. The session by Sumanaspati Reddy discussed the issues related to Scheduled Tribe communities of Telengana and Andhra.

Prof MS Chaitra in his session just kept talking about how complex this whole sociocultural phenomenon is, especially while looked from the Western Frameworks, by giving many subjective opinions, and just stopped there without offering any value addition to the discourse, in the true style of some of the books of his Guru SN Balagangadhara 🙂

Sessions with a focus on the past, the theories on Varna, Jati concepts, religious scriptures etc. -

The talk 'Varna: from Buddha to Vemana' by Srinivas Udumudi gave a good overview of the early evolution of the Varna concepts from the Vedas through Dharma Sutras through Buddhism and later in Smritis, and then again in the medieval era through Bhakti movement stages. "The harsh criticism against birth based Varna and the notions of ritualistic purity, and the question on 'who is the true Brahmana" continues in the same tone for 2000 years from Buddha to Vemana, in many spiritual masters", he points out in the end. An important point for Hindu society and Hindutva sociopolitical consolidation in the present times.

"Ritualistic dimension of Varna" (Nitin Shridhar) and "Jati-Varna based on violence and non-violence" (Sushumna Kannan) - both these sessions were different kinds of apologist polemics and speculative attempts to "justify" the scriptural injunctions related social exclusion (of Shudras) and Varna based privileges (of Brahmanas) etc. The polemics was too much skewed towards justifying the scriptures, rather than presenting an unbiased and historical perspective in context.

There were some sessions on how the British Colonialism created the 'Caste' category that did not exist in the traditional Indian society. And some other sessions explaining how Kula-Jati-Varna was an adaptive, flexible social category originally but made into a rigid and fixed one now. This discourse has become popular and sort of "mainstream" now, thanks to the works of Dharmpal, Nicholas Dirks, and off late by Rajiv Malhotra.

 

Overall, the symposium was good, containing multifaceted ideas. I hope INDICA will bring this in the form of a book, like an anthology of essays. 

 

Regards,

Jtyu 

 



 

 

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Apr 19, 2023, 10:16:52 AM4/19/23
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