Srimadbhagavatam and Gautama Dharma Sutra - which came first?

[V Subrahmanian]

In the Srimadbhagavatam there is this dialogue in relation to the Raasa Krida:  

Parikshith asks: How can Bhagavan, the very image of righteousness, engage in amorous play with the Gopika-s who are wives of other men?   To that Sage Shuka replies that 'in the case of great men one does see (sometimes) a transgression of dharma....' 

श्रीपरीक्षिदुवाच -
( अनुष्टुप् )
संस्थापनाय धर्मस्य प्रशमायेतरस्य च ।
अवतीर्णो हि भगवानंन् अंशेन जगदीश्वरः ॥ २७ ॥
स कथं धर्मसेतूनां वक्ता कर्ताभिरक्षिता ।
प्रतीपमाचरद् ब्रह्मन् परदाराभिमर्शनम् ॥ २८ ॥
आप्तकामो यदुपतिः कृतवान् वै जुगुप्सितम् ।
किमभिप्राय एतन्नः संशयं छिन्धि सुव्रत ॥ २९ ॥
श्रीशुक उवाच -
धर्मव्यतिक्रमो दृष्ट ईश्वराणां च साहसम् ।
तेजीयसां न दोषाय वह्नेः सर्वभुजो यथा ॥ ३० ॥  

 The words of Shuka cited above: धर्मव्यतिक्रमो दृष्ट ईश्वराणां च साहसम्  is very similar to the two sutra-s दृष्टो धर्मव्यतिक्रमः and साहसं च महताम् -(Gautama Dharma sutra). https://sa.wikisource.org/s/1c5a    

Which is first - Bhagavatam or the Gautama Sutra? The latter is said to be of (600-200 BCE).  

It could also be the case that the above two texts relied on a different text.  

Scholars may deliberate on this and give their opinion.

warm regards

subrahmanian.v

[V Subrahmanian]

On Fri, Sep 27, 2019 at 1:41 PM V Subrahmanian <v.subra...@gmail.com> wrote:

In the Srimadbhagavatam there is this dialogue in relation to the Raasa Krida:  

Parikshith asks: How can Bhagavan, the very image of righteousness, engage in amorous play with the Gopika-s who are wives of other men?   To that Sage Shuka replies that 'in the case of great men one does see (sometimes) a transgression of dharma....' 

श्रीपरीक्षिदुवाच -
( अनुष्टुप् )
संस्थापनाय धर्मस्य प्रशमायेतरस्य च ।
अवतीर्णो हि भगवानंन् अंशेन जगदीश्वरः ॥ २७ ॥
स कथं धर्मसेतूनां वक्ता कर्ताभिरक्षिता ।
प्रतीपमाचरद् ब्रह्मन् परदाराभिमर्शनम् ॥ २८ ॥
आप्तकामो यदुपतिः कृतवान् वै जुगुप्सितम् ।
किमभिप्राय एतन्नः संशयं छिन्धि सुव्रत ॥ २९ ॥
श्रीशुक उवाच -
धर्मव्यतिक्रमो दृष्ट ईश्वराणां च साहसम् ।
तेजीयसां न दोषाय वह्नेः सर्वभुजो यथा ॥ ३० ॥  

 The words of Shuka cited above: धर्मव्यतिक्रमो दृष्ट ईश्वराणां च साहसम्  is very similar to the two sutra-s दृष्टो धर्मव्यतिक्रमः and साहसं च महताम् -(Gautama Dharma

Here is the commentary of Maskari for the Gautama Dharma sutras cited above:

regards

 

sutra). https://sa.wikisource.org/s/1c5a    

Which is first - Bhagavatam or the Gautama Sutra? The latter is said to be of (600-200 BCE).  

It could also be the case that the above two texts relied on a different text.  

Scholars may deliberate on this and give their opinion.

warm regards

subrahmanian.v

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[Subrahmanyam Korada]

नमो विद्वद्भ्यः

भागवतम् -- गौतमधर्मसूत्रम्

गौतमधर्मसूत्रम् is considered to be the most ancient work among धर्मसूत्र-s / स्मृति-s (both are different - Vid Kane , स्मृतिस्तु धर्मसंहिता - अमरः ) and its time is put at - ’ earlier to 400-600 B C .

Vid Umesh Chandra Pandeya , in his भूमिका to गौतमधर्मसूत्र  offers the following प्रमाणम् - and this may be useful ---

गौतमधर्मसूत्रम् is the most ancient --

1.बौधायनधर्मसूत्रम् quotes गौ ध सू in many places .

2.वसिष्ठधर्मसूत्रम् also borrowed from गौ ध सू 

3.In मनुस्मृति , 3-16 , गौतम is said to be the son of  उतथ्य 

( Actually , the first two सूत्र-s of  गौ ध सू are taken by मनुस्मृति -- 

वेदो धर्ममूलम् , तद्विदां च स्मृतिशीले (गौ ध सू  1-1,2  ) -- वेदो’खिलो धर्ममूलं स्मृतिशीले च तद्विदाम् (म स्मृ 2-6)

मनुस्मृतिः , 3-16 ---

शूद्रा वेदी पतत्यत्रेः उतथ्यतनयस्य च ।

शौनकस्य सुतोत्पत्त्या तदपत्यतया भृगोः ॥ ) ( शूद्रा वेदी पतत्यधः - is quoted by Patanjali in महाभाष्यम् )

4.In याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृति (1-5) the list of धर्मशास्त्रकार-s is given -- पराशरव्यासशंखलिखिता दक्षगौतमौ ।

5. अपरार्क quoted from भविष्यपुराणम् --

प्रतिषेधः सुरापाने मद्यस्य च नराधिप ।

द्विजोत्तमानामेवोक्तः सततं गौतमादिभिः ॥

This is exactly the same that is said by गौतम about सुरापानम् ।

6. कुमारिल , in तन्त्रवर्तिकम् , referred to गौतम in a number of places .

7.शङ्कराचार्य , in his सूत्रभ्याष्यम् ( 1-3-38 and  3-1-8 ) quoted from गौ ध सू ।

8 In गौ ध सू  no reference is made to बौद्ध्-s

It is possible that गौतमधर्मसूत्रम् is first and भागवतम् is next . .

धन्यो’स्मि

Dr.Korada Subrahmanyam
Professor of Sanskrit, CALTS,
University of Hyderabad,
Ph:09866110741(M),91-40-23010741(R),040-23133660(O)

Skype Id: Subrahmanyam Korada

Blog: Koradeeyam.blogspot.in 

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[V Subrahmanian]

Many thanks, Sri Korada ji, for the fund of quotes and analysis.  Now, I think I should not be surprised to see exact words of the Gautama sutras in the Srimad Bhagavatam.

स्थितोऽस्मि गतसन्देहः |

भवदीय: 

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