Draupadi laughing in ridicule at Duryodhana - Does this have a firm basis?

[V Subrahmanian]

Namaste

We have heard, seen, etc. the above episode which is said to have fueled the fire of the great war, disrobing, etc. Has anyone studied this in the background of the Mahabharata and other texts?  There is one discussion on this here, with citations from the Andhra Mahabharatamu and some opinions:

https://hinduism.stackexchange.com/questions/16940/did-draupad%c4%ab-ridicule-duryodhana-calling-him-blind-son-of-a-blind-father

Are there any articles etc. on this topic?

Thanks and regards

subrahmanian.v 

[Shashi Joshi]

The Gita Press version of MB doesn't have mention of any comment by Draupadi during this incident.

The other Pandavas laugh, Bhima and his servants, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva laugh. (No mention of Yuddhisthira as well)

Critical edition also doesn't seem to have it (see below). These could be later retelling in vernacular that created these side dialogues. For example, Valmiki Ramayana doesn't have mention of Lakshmana rekha, but Tulasi's Manas has.

Thanks,

~ Shashikant

[V Subrahmanian]

Thanks Shashikant for these references. Is there any mention that such ridicule triggered / fueled the war and other vengeful incidents?  

regards

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

Sri V Subrahmanian-ji,

The discussions on pages like the one to which you provided the link are not scholarly and as such, not nuanced. 

There are copious  number of such pages and discussions all over the web. 

Now, let us come to the laugh issue and discuss it in a nuanced way. 

Duryodhana's enmity towards the Pandavas was expressed by him much before the Raja Suya and Maya Sabha. Raja Suya happened only after the elders in the family , after noting repeated murder attempts on Pandavas attempted to resolve the issue through a separate kingdom with Indraprastha as capital. What ensued later only shows that this solution did not work. Moreover, it added to the reasons of jealousy in Duryodhana. Details such as he expressing that jealousy by describing the laugh by the people envied by him only show how a jealous person reads the expressions of the people he envies. Vyasa and the regional language translators repeatedly mention Duryodhana's possessiveness towards the kingdom and his jealousy for Pandavas that he nurtured from his childhood as the cause of war. The details such as laugh are not mentioned either by Vyasa or his regional language translators as the cause of war because such details, wherever they are provided, are provided only to bring home the psyche of a jealous person. 

 

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Nagaraj Paturi

 

Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.

Director,  Inter-Gurukula-University Centre , Indic Academy

BoS, MIT School of Vedic Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra

BoS, Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth, Veliyanad, Kerala

BoS Veda Vijnana Gurukula, Bengaluru.

Member, Advisory Council, Veda Vijnana Shodha Samsthanam, Bengaluru

Former Senior Professor of Cultural Studies, 

FLAME School of Communication and FLAME School of  Liberal Education, 

(Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA )

 

 

 

[V Subrahmanian]

This version has Draupadi too among those who laughed:

https://api.vedavaapi.org/ihg/tree/brwhtm/pumahabarata/02_Sabha36-72.txt  

2.46.26 कृतां बिन्दुसरोरत्नैर्मयेन स्फाटिकच्छदाम् । अपश्यं नलिनीं पूर्णामुदकस्येव भारत ।।
2.46.27 वस्त्रमुत्कर्षति मयि प्राहसत्स वृकोदरः । शत्रोरृद्धिविशेषेण विमूढं रत्नवर्जितम् ।।
2.46.28 तत्र स्म यदि शक्तः स्यां पातयेयं वृकोदरम् । सपत्नेनावहासो हि स मां दहति भारत ।।
2.46.29 पुनश्च तादृशीमेव वापीं जलजशालिनीम् । मत्वा शिलासमां तोये पतितोऽस्मि नराधिप ।।
2.46.30 तत्र मां प्राहसत्कृष्णः पार्थेन सह सस्वनम् । द्रौपदी च सह स्त्रीभिर्व्यथयन्ती मनो मम ।।
2.46.31 क्लिन्नवस्त्रस्य च जले किंकरा राजचोदिताः । ददुर्वासांसि मेऽन्यानि तच्च दुःखतरं मम ।।
2.46.32 प्रलम्भं च शृणुष्वान्यं गदतो मे नराधिप । अद्वारेण विनिर्गच्छन्द्वारसंस्थानरूपिणा । अभिहत्य शिलां भूयो ललाटेनास्मि विक्षतः ।।
2.46.33 तत्र मां यमजौ दूरादालोक्य ललितौ किल । बाहुभिः परिगृह्णीतां शोचन्तौ सहितावुभौ ।। 

2.46.34 उवाच सहदेवस्तु तत्र मां विस्मयन्निव । इदं द्वारमितो गच्छ राजन्निति पुनः पुनः ।। 

We can infer that the Andhra Bharata and any other renderings of the MB that might contain the role of Draupadi too in the laughter, did have a basis in the 'original' MB, of which itself we have so many versions. In the above version even Krishna was present there. 

regards

 

On Fri, Nov 29, 2019 at 8:53 AM Shashi Joshi <shas...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

Details such as he expressing that jealousy by describing the laugh by the people envied by him only show how a jealous person reads the expressions of the people he envies.  

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[Nagaraj Paturi]

It is still a description by Duryodhana and it is meant by Vyasa and his regional language translators to show how a jealous, hyper-sensitively egotistic person reads the response of his onlookers.  

[V Subrahmanian]

On Fri, Nov 29, 2019 at 1:05 PM Nagaraj Paturi <nagara...@gmail.com> wrote:

It is still a description by Duryodhana and it is meant by Vyasa and his regional language translators to show how a jealous, hyper-sensitively egotistic person reads the response of his onlookers.  

This is not denied. My eqnuiry is about the very incident, the persons involved, its veracity, etc.  The humiliation that he was subjected to is expressed by Duryodhana. 

regards

[Nagaraj Paturi]

Shall we say, the expressions that he felt as humiliation, because of his hypersensitive egotism? Because that is what the author(s) say, it is through their later relating of the same.

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[A K Kaul]

The addition of Drupadi seems to be an afterthought by some scholars since  in the Neelakantha (Chapter 47) and BORI edition (Chapter 43) Draupadi is conspicuous by her absence from the scene, as per the two attachments. 

I have checked the Gita Press edition also, and as it is just a Hindi version of Neelakantha edition, there is no mention of Draupadi there as well!.

It appears that Duryodhana was more "hurt" on seeing the pomp and paraphernalia of Pandavas than just because of his "faux-pas" and that is why he had expressed

सो अहं श्रियं च तां दृष्ट्वा सभां तां च तथाविधाम् |  रक्षिभिश्चावहासम् तं परितप्ये यथाग्निना |2/|47/43 (Gita Press edition)

Here the word "रक्षिभिः " is ominous and he too has not mentioned Draupadi!!!

With regards and Jai Shri Ram

AKK

[V Subrahmanian]

Kshemendra in his Bharatamanjari too alludes to the incident:

Bhima, with brother(s), and the Raaja lalanaa: (royal women), all laughed at Duryodhana: 

Kshemendra, 11th Century C.E. 

regards

[Sivasenani Nori]

Just one pointer about relative dates. The earliest version of Mahabharata (first 2.5 parvas) available to us is the Telugu version, at about the same time as Bharata Manjari. The next version now available to us is 100 years older - the Javanese version which itself is based on the an older Javanese version contemporaneous with the Telugu version.

While the BORI edition does indeed consult the above three (the Javanese version via an English translation), their greatest reliance is upon Sarada script manuscripts which are about two hundred years later. The version with Nilakantha's commentary was fixed another three centuries later.

Regards 

N Siva Senani

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[विश्वासो वासुकेयः]

Thanks very much for the below pointer! That version of the kumbhakoNa edition is far cleaner than other sources such as http://sarit.indology.info/downloads/mahabharata-devanagari.xml?root=1.5.6.10.212&view=div , https://sanskritdocuments.org/mirrors/mahabharata/unic/mbh02_sa.html which contain a lot of typos. I wonder whence this corrected version came from.

http://www.peterffreund.com/Vedic_Literature/Vedic%20Literature%20Unicode/Itihasa/mahabharata%201%202%203.rtf seems to be good as well.

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[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

आह्। Much to my disappointment and lajjA, I realize that the "correct" versions I was excited about below are from the BORI edition, and not the kumbhakoNa edition (which I am slowly sort-of preparing at https://vvasuki.github.io/kAvya/TIkA/padya/purANa/mahAbhArata/ while verifying audio from the https://sanskrit.github.io/projects/audio/mbh-audio/ project (Archive item)). I suppose there is no escaping the labor of correcting https://sanskritdocuments.org/mirrors/mahabharata/unic/mbh02_sa.html .

PS: Thanks to shrI rAmAnujan for clarifying that the source of the vedavaapi.org text likely comes from the copy of the BORI text in http://parankusan.cloudapp.net/Integrated/Texts.aspx .

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Vishvas /विश्वासः

[Amba Kulkarni]

A digital concordance of BORI, Kumbhakonam and Sri-Vavilla version is being prepared by Manipal University.

http://mahabharata.manipal.edu/

I hope this is useful.

best,

Amba

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आ नो भद्रा: क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वत: ll
Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.
- Rig Veda, I-89-i.

Professor & Head
Department of Sanskrit Studies
University of Hyderabad

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[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

On Thu, Dec 5, 2019 at 11:38 AM Amba Kulkarni <ambap...@gmail.com> wrote:

A digital concordance of BORI, Kumbhakonam and Sri-Vavilla version is being prepared by Manipal University.

http://mahabharata.manipal.edu/

I hope this is useful.

That's very heartening and timely (potentially avoids wasted labor on my part, though the website itself is hard to use)!

cc-ing people who seem to be on the project team:

- Sirs, the Kumbhakonam edition from the Sarit website is riddled with lots of typos. Do you plan to correct those? Where can we track the progress of your corrections (ie is there a github repo you're using)?

- Could you please share the digitized version of the Sastri-Vavilla edition?

 

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[Megh Kalyanasundaram]

Thank you for sharing this, Dr. Kulkarni. 

Best,

Megh

On Thu, Dec 5, 2019 at 11:38 AM Amba Kulkarni <ambap...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[Department of Philosophy - Manipal]

Greetings from the Dept of Philosophy - Manipal! 

Manipal University (MAHE) is engaged in editing the electronic versions of three highly cited critical editions of Mahabharata, published in early 20th centuries, with a team of young research scholars from Indian philosophy and Sanskrit studies since 2016. It completed correcting the typos of BORI (edited by Sukthankar, et al., and Tokunaga et al.,) in 2017 and Kumbhakonam (edited by Krishnacharya et al., and Varakhedi et al.,) in 2018 and Sastri-Vavilla (edited by Sastri et al.,) in 2019. 

These edited e-recensions of Mahabharata is now available for research purposes at MAHE Mahabharata Digital Concordance http://mahabharata.manipal.edu. The research project funded by MAHE is overseen by Prof Shrinivasa Varakhedi and Prof Amba Kulkarni. If any errors are found in this multi-recension display of Mahabharata, all are welcome to notify and provide feedback to office.p...@manipal.edu or in the website comments section itself and would be thankful for your valuable inputs. 

Those wishing to collaborate and work further research. Thank you, Prof Amba, for bringing it to the notice in this prestigious forum. 

Best wishes, 

Department of Philosophy (DoP), Faculty of Liberal Arts, 

Advanced Research Centre (ARC), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), 

Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104 INDIA 

E: office.p...@manipal.edu; T: +91-820-2923307

Follow us on social media - philosophymahe 

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Vishvas /विश्वासः

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आ नो भद्रा: क्रतवो यन्तु विश्वत: ll
Let noble thoughts come to us from every side.
- Rig Veda, I-89-i.

Professor & Head
Department of Sanskrit Studies
University of Hyderabad

Prof. C.R. Rao Road 

Hyderabad-500 046

(91) 040 23133802(off)

http://scl.samsaadhanii.in

http://sanskrit.uohyd.ac.in/scl

http://tdil-dc.in/san/

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[विश्वासो वासुकिजः (Vishvas Vasuki)]

Dear Mahe philospohy dept,

Thanks very much for replying! It is a magnificent accomplishment if you have indeed corrected errors in all three editions! Now we just need to figure out how to best benefit from the fruits of your labor.

I found it impossible to get to the Kumbhakona edition text on the website - please see this screenshot - https://imgur.com/d5bcuwV (note that it shows only 1 parva to choose from, and there too we cannot see any text when chapter verse etc.. are selected). For our purposes, it would be perfect if you could just export the corrected texts of all three editions to raw text files (that way we won't have to go through the trouble of scraping the website if and when it is made functional). Please help and oblige! (PS: If you have a database or some such backend and need programming skills to dump the text etc.. and if you lack the resources, I'm happy to volunteer.)

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[V Subrahmanian]

On Thu, Dec 5, 2019 at 5:45 PM Department of Philosophy - Manipal <mahe.ph...@gmail.com> wrote:

Greetings from the Dept of Philosophy - Manipal! 

Manipal University (MAHE) is engaged in editing the electronic versions of three highly cited critical editions of Mahabharata, published in early 20th centuries, with a team of young research scholars from Indian philosophy and Sanskrit studies since 2016. It completed correcting the typos of BORI (edited by Sukthankar, et al., and Tokunaga et al.,) in 2017 and Kumbhakonam (edited by Krishnacharya et al., and Varakhedi et al.,) in 2018 and Sastri-Vavilla (edited by Sastri et al.,) in 2019. 

These edited e-recensions of Mahabharata is now available for research purposes at MAHE Mahabharata Digital Concordance http://mahabharata.manipal.edu. The research project funded by MAHE is overseen by Prof Shrinivasa Varakhedi and Prof Amba Kulkarni. If any errors are found in this multi-recension display of Mahabharata, all are welcome to notify and provide feedback to office.p...@manipal.edu or in the website comments section itself and would be thankful for your valuable inputs. 

Thanks for this update.  Is there a word-search facility across the multiple editions you have stated above? The link given above does not seem to be functional for search facility.

regards

subrahmanian.v

[Madhav Deshpande]

I wonder if the Bombay and Calcutta editions will be eventually added to this project?  The Chitrashala edition of the MBh with Nīlakaṇṭha's commentary will also be an important addition.

Madhav M. Deshpande

Professor Emeritus, Sanskrit and Linguistics

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Senior Fellow, Oxford Center for Hindu Studies

[Residence: Campbell, California, USA]

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