Places where Jihvamuliya and Upadmaniya are not allowed

[P V S Kumar]

I am transliterating a manuscript written in Sharada script.

I have noticed that the scribe has used Jihvamuliya and Upadmaniya at certain places; not used in some places where Visarga occurs right before क and प.

Should I take all visargas before क and प as corresponding Jihvamuliya and Upadmaniya symbols respectively? (OR) Are there any special rules that prevent the use of Jihvamuliya and Upadmaniya before क and प under certain conditions? If there are any such rules please give me references to such rules.

I am attaching a few sample instances for your reference.

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P V S Kumar

Sringeri

[Abhishek Mehta]

I was just checking the ashtadhyayi but I am not seeing anything related to upadhmaniya. What is the difference between upadhmaniya and visarga?

On Wed, Apr 1, 2026, 12:24 PM P V S Kumar <polis...@gmail.com> wrote:

Abhishek ji, Thanks for the references. 

When it is optional, for using Upadmaniya in a word and Visarga in the immediately following word there must be a special reason. Especially when it is followed in multiple instances. 

Are there any rules mentioned in this regard in any of the Shiksha-shastra texts?

P V S Kumar

Sringeri

On Wed, Apr 1, 2026 at 11:32 AM Abhishek Mehta <docabh...@gmail.com> wrote:

Isn't that optional? You can use either.

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/ Kumar

[P V S Kumar]

Abhishek ji, Thanks for the references. 

When it is optional, for using Upadmaniya in a word and Visarga in the immediately following word there must be a special reason. Especially when it is followed in multiple instances. 

Are there any rules mentioned in this regard in any of the Shiksha-shastra texts?

P V S Kumar

Sringeri

On Wed, Apr 1, 2026 at 11:32 AM Abhishek Mehta <docabh...@gmail.com> wrote:

Isn't that optional? You can use either.

On Wed, Apr 1, 2026, 10:21 AM P V S Kumar <polis...@gmail.com> wrote:

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/ Kumar

[Abhishek Mehta]

Isn't that optional? You can use either.

On Wed, Apr 1, 2026, 10:21 AM P V S Kumar <polis...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[Sridatta A]

Namaste,
In these conditions and before certain subset of conjuncts, the visarga always remains visarga.

https://ashtadhyayi.com/sutraani/lp95 शर्परे विसर्जनीयः

घनाघनः क्षोभणः शशः क्षुरम्। पुरुषः क्षुरम्। अद्भिः प्सातम्। वासः क्षौमम्

In the rest of the cases too, the use of Upadhmaniya and Jihvamuliya is optional.

But yet, in normal texts too the use of Jihvamuliya and Upadhmaniya is quite common in Sharada manuscript unlike Devanagari mss.