Regarding the Practice of Tilaka (Forehead Marks) in Hinduism

[Yasoda Jivan dasa]

Respected vidvaj-janaḥ,

I humbly submit a few questions regarding tilaka and seek your learned guidance. My queries are presented below in a clear and systematic manner for your kind consideration:

1.  What are the relevant  sūtras used to derive the word tilaka? What meanings of tilaka are attested in the Vedas and in the Smṛtis?

2. According to Vedic texts and Sampradayika evidence, what are the prescribed purposes of wearing different tilaka including Saiva, Sakta and Vaishnava?

3. What benefits are described in Vedic texts and traditional practices for wearing tilaka? Conversely, are there any stated disadvantages associated with not wearing it?

4. What is the actual meaning and significance of the various forms of tilaka—Śaiva, Śākta, Ganapatya and Vaiṣṇava—as understood within their respective sampradāyas and within Vedic texts?

Further, why do different sampradāyas employ different substances such as bhasma, candana, and others for applying tilaka?

5. With particular reference to Vaiṣṇavism including the Madhva and Sri Vaisnavas sects, why do we observe so many variations in tilaka among different Vaiṣṇava sampradāyas? What are the theological, ritual, or scriptural reasons for these distinctions?

I respectfully seek your insights on these matters and remain grateful for your time and wisdom.

With humble regards,

[kamalesh pathak]

Please refer various आह्निक सुत्रावलि granthas where one can find tilakam, type, and also आगम will give more details, once I seen अहिर्बुध्न्य संहिता a part of narad panchratra, 

 please correct me- if I am wring

Regards

Kamlesh Pathak

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