Are all four of the things you've circled shadow blocks, rather than just empty connectors? If so, you are using shadow blocks in a manner very different from that which we intended. We normally expect a shadow block to be a normal value block (e.g., math_number), because their purpose is to allow users to enter a value without having to first attach a block. All the spots you've circled don't look like blocks that evaluate to a value, but instead seem to be just placeholders to show some text or symbol in what otherwise looks like it is just an empty (unconnected) input connection.
Since you have already written a custom renderer, I would recommend that if you want to change the way empty input connectors are displayed—to make the open space bigger, or to add some special indications like "Any type" or "+"—that you do that by changing how the renderer draws empty connectors, rather than using shadow blocks that are just placeholders.
Or alternatively and even easier: just fill those spots with shadow value blocks (e.g. math_number, text, etc.), so that the user can enter a value without having to first create a new, non-shadow block.
That said, however, you should be able to add padding to a `FieldLabel` by adding non-breaking spaces ('\u00A0', also available for convenience as Blockly.Field.NBSP).
Best wishes,
Christopher