Euphorbia Overlooked?

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Sam Droege

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Jul 31, 2025, 10:12:10 AMJul 31
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Just back from a collecting trip to St. Thomas.  This is my second to that island with 3 previous trips to St. Croix.

These days I need to add that ... these are trips I do on my own dime, the government doesn't pay for any of it.  

So these islands have seen millennia of occupation by tribal groups and the Europeans and every square inch has been involved in the need for charcoal, timber, grazing, sugar cane and now housing.  It's difficult to tell what is a natural habitat here as the plants are a mix of clearly non-native things and native at least to tropical plants form the greater Caribbean things.  The slopes are very steep (good exercise), most are recovering front grazing and are covered in various amounts of scrub to low trees.  Along the coasts are small amounts of cliffs, beaches, and headlands that have sparser vegetation.  Surrounding each island are usually more islands and cays that tend toward sparser plant cover.  

Honey bees are everywhere and use many of the non native plants, ornamentals, scrub, and weedy forbs.  Xylocopa mordax will use a variety of the big blooming tree plants, but often these two species are the only bees to be found in the larger woody vegetation.  The exception can be Centris ~4 species that can forage on these woody plants (particularly Tecoma) but usually stick to a select group of smaller shrubs and viney beans.

The remaining bees are usually found on the small woody shrub to herbaceous spectrum.  There are about 20-30 species of bees on the islands.

Amidst this are a small number of Lasioglossum (Dialictus group) that I collect most commonly in bowl traps as well as netting.

Searching for bees is usually low return.  Most sites appear absent of bees (other than honey and carpenter bees), particularly human habitations and thick scrub/young forest. Most of the good bee action comes from places that have been not mown for over a year but not yet heavily invaded by some of the weedy Acacia like things or some of the introduced grasses things like abandoned developments, the back of the dump, industrial areas and other neglected areas where the ubiquitous string trimmer can't find the plants. There are not many of these places, roadsides get mown too frequently to be useful.  

In these long days of searching I have found that while I can find Lasioglossum on a variety of plants, the best places to look are the upright spurges / sandmats in the subgenus Chamaesyce (Coastal Beach Sandmat, Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia; Graceful Spurge, Euphorbia hypericifolia; Roadside Sandmat, Euphorbia lasiocarpa;Jointed Sandmat, Euphorbia articulata in particular).  While it can be hit or miss (seemingly there is often a Lasioglossum "colony" nearby) it is very consistent.

So, this got me wondering.  In the East we have so many bee species, so much rain, so many big plants to look at and so we catch a lot of bees and tend to ignore the spurges (at least I do) I wonder if they are more often used by bees than we think.  Spurges in this subgenus are everywhere, cracks in sidewalks, plantings, crappy lawns, industrial areas, medians, roadsides galore, and in plenty of our pollinator plantings and agriculture.  They are small, are really not targeted for removal by the weed warrior types, and generally tolerated in most environments.  

On the other hand, our most common native spurge (Euphorbia maculata) appears to be pollinated by ants not bees and there are few records for that species. This is possibly true for all the prostrate Euphorbia  But I wonder about the more upright sandmat types andFlowering Spurge, Euphorbia corollata (which is often reasonably attractive to small bees in my experience)....that appear to be reaching for bees....  they are blooming almost continuously, native species in this subgenus dominate (at least in Maryland), they are low to the ground, have very small flowers and tend to be overlooked.  

The question I have is: is this a plant group we should spend more time thinking about (I suspect that perhaps westerners and prairie types think about more than than we woodland inhabitors)?  If so, what is needed for study, and should they be more explicitely managed for or even planted?  I, for one, find flowering spurge extremely attractive.

sam

turns out the poets often can contribute on the topics we are interested in....

Gardening in Cardoso


Wildflowers become weeds
In this small triangular
Garfagnana garden
Where I uproot herb robert,
Spurge, wall-devouring
Valerian, garlicky
Ramsons, dead nettles.
What about oregano
No higher than dogs' piss,
And pennywort protecting
The lizard's hideaway?
I cut back the wild fig tree,
Its roots under the casa
Squeezing our water pipes,
Dozy snails its only fruit.
From acacia—beeless,
Unrelieved—a sexual
Heaviness marries me
And five old women—last
In the village to chant
The Whitsun rosary next
Door at San Rocco's shrine.
I leave them shepherd's purse's
Seedpods—little hearts—
Spoon-shaped petals on spikes.

- Michael Longley


Tanner Bland

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Jul 31, 2025, 11:13:25 AMJul 31
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Hey Sam,

I completely agree. The Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce (fmr a separate genus) are loaded with seemingly specialist bees/flies out west. We have many species, including my favorite, E. albomarginata (rattlesnake weed) that Perdita minima specializes on. 

Several other Perdita seem to specialize on Euphorbia (Chamaesyce), including, at least in part, some of the species in the subgenera Perditella, Epimacrotera, and others across P. s. str. Notable ones include P. polycarpae, P. euphorbiae, and P. cladothricis, the latter of which I don’t think is a Cladothrix specialist at all, and have caught females many times on E. polycarpa, E. hyssopifolia, and creosote. There are also a few Macrotera (Macroterella) that have specialized on E. (Chamaesyce), namely M. mellea, one of the most beautiful bees in the country (in my biased opinion).

Ants are certainly one of the pollinators of spurges, according to one of the only pollination studies I could find for E. albomarginata. It’s an interesting community of pollinators, though. And while ants certainly play a role in pollination, I think micro-bombyliids and Perditella are likely the main visitors, at least out west (based on my observations over the years). I wouldn’t be surprised if some small-bodied eastern bees are filling a similar niche, or if there may be some unknown Perdita visiting some eastern mat  Euphorbia…but that’s speculation. 

I rarely see big bees (besides Apis) on these flowers, and few generalists, though I’ve encountered quite a few Lasioglossum on mat spurges, mostly the red-tailed species like L. microlepoides and relatives. There are some other small Panurginae that I’ve seen visiting spurges, namely Protandrena and Panurginus.

Interestingly, many of the visitors to E. albomarginata fall into what seems to be a small color mimicry ring, largely amber coloration with some white maculations on the face/abdomen. I’ve seen this in several of the Perditini that visit the mat spurges here, as well as some buprestid beetles and flies. 

The specialist bees also seem ant-like, especially the males. Their antennae are somewhat genticulate, and the males have modified heads that one could argue is ant-esque. One could ask if there’s some serious competition for nectar on those mat spurges, especially with an ant colony foraging nearby, making ant mimicry very advantageous.

I’ve tried growing E. albomarginata in the past with great success, they’ll grow in concrete if you let them. The seeds seem to germinate pretty readily. Even if the bees don’t visit, they are quite beautiful ground cover and can spread pretty quickly. I wish more nurseries grew them.

Long response, but hope it’s useful. Definitely an overlooked group.

Best of luck,

Tanner Bland
MS Entomology and Insect Science
University of Arizona
309-840-4739


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Douglas Yanega

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Jul 31, 2025, 11:29:27 AMJul 31
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I'll second Tanner's comments, and add that the floral visitors on western spurges include a large number of very small wasps, mostly tiny "sphecoids" (Crabronids, Ammoplanids, Pemphredonids, etc.), but also tiny chrysidids and pompilids. The thing is that (1) the plants are ubiquitous, often covering large areas, and very low, so it is an actual effort to pay attention to scanning them for insects - your brain just wants to filter it all as background noise. (2) Netting insects that are on the ground is, as many of us know, a challenge - it's bad on the back and knees, can damage your net, and the critters frequently do NOT fly up into the net, which can be intensely frustrating. But who wants to invest in a handheld D-vac device, and lug it everywhere into the field with them, just to suck up spurge pollinators?

If someone ever got a serious urge to do spurge, then a D-vac would be the way to go. You wouldn't need to hunt for things, and you'd get a really large and unbiased sample, though you'd be pulling a lot of bycatch of things on the soil surface that were not visiting the flowers.

Peace,

-- 
Doug Yanega      Dept. of Entomology       Entomology Research Museum
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314  voicemail:951-827-8704
FaceBook: Doug Yanega (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)
             https://faculty.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html
  "There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness
        is the true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82

Sam Droege

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Jul 31, 2025, 9:12:46 PMJul 31
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OK, it would seem that the world of Euphorbia in North American could use some inspection by all of us.  I think of all the very smallest Lasioglossums that seem common in cities (L. tegulare, L. imitatum, L. hitchensi) and in the countryside (L. coreopsis) and wonder if they might be Euphorbia beneficiaries in the East.  

Are there any southeastern Perdita that can be found on any Euphorbias?

I will spend the rest of the year looking down to see what the patterns are.  As clever people I think it would also be worth creating some spurge gardens both for observations and to learn more about their behavior in cultivation and gardens.  Thanks for the replies, they are useful and give perspective.

sam

THE MUSHROOM HUNTERS

Science, as you know, my little one, is the study
of the nature and behaviour of the universe.
It’s based on observation, on experiment, and measurement,
and the formulation of laws to describe the facts revealed.

In the old times, they say, the men came already fitted with brains
designed to follow flesh-beasts at a run,
to hurdle blindly into the unknown,
and then to find their way back home when lost
with a slain antelope to carry between them.
Or, on bad hunting days, nothing.

The women, who did not need to run down prey,
had brains that spotted landmarks and made paths between them
left at the thorn bush and across the scree
and look down in the bole of the half-fallen tree,
because sometimes there are mushrooms.

Before the flint club, or flint butcher’s tools,
The first tool of all was a sling for the baby
to keep our hands free
and something to put the berries and the mushrooms in,
the roots and the good leaves, the seeds and the crawlers.
Then a flint pestle to smash, to crush, to grind or break.

And sometimes men chased the beasts
into the deep woods,
and never came back.

Some mushrooms will kill you,
while some will show you gods
and some will feed the hunger in our bellies. Identify.
Others will kill us if we eat them raw,
and kill us again if we cook them once,
but if we boil them up in spring water, and pour the water away,
and then boil them once more, and pour the water away,
only then can we eat them safely. Observe.

Observe childbirth, measure the swell of bellies and the shape of breasts,
and through experience discover how to bring babies safely into the world.

Observe everything.

And the mushroom hunters walk the ways they walk
and watch the world, and see what they observe.
And some of them would thrive and lick their lips,
While others clutched their stomachs and expired.
So laws are made and handed down on what is safe. Formulate.

The tools we make to build our lives:
our clothes, our food, our path home…
all these things we base on observation,
on experiment, on measurement, on truth.

And science, you remember, is the study
of the nature and behaviour of the universe,
based on observation, experiment, and measurement,
and the formulation of laws to describe these facts.

The race continues. An early scientist
drew beasts upon the walls of caves
to show her children, now all fat on mushrooms
and on berries, what would be safe to hunt.

The men go running on after beasts.

The scientists walk more slowly, over to the brow of the hill
and down to the water’s edge and past the place where the red clay runs.
They are carrying their babies in the slings they made,
freeing their hands to pick the mushrooms.

      - Neil Gaiman

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Tanner Bland

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Aug 6, 2025, 5:33:00 PMAug 6
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Hey Sam,

To my knowledge, no Perdita visit Euphorbia east of the Mississippi. However, I’ll add the caveat that we know virtually nothing about the pollination biology of most Perdita, including the rare eastern ones. Many species of the octomaculata group (in P. s. str.) that occur in the Great Lakes and east coast have very little data on floral visitation, and much of that data is male-biased or lacking sexual determinations altogether.

Some more generalist Perdita, like those in the halictoides group or the subgenus Alloperdita could very well visit mat spurges. From records I have at my disposal, there doesn’t seem to be much Euphorbia specialization in Perdita anywhere near the east coast. 

Tanner Bland
MS Entomology and Insect Science
University of Arizona
309-840-4739

Hongmei Li-Byarlay

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Aug 6, 2025, 6:05:58 PMAug 6
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Hi all,

There is news that the USDA ARS Bee Lab in Beltsville, Maryland may be closed soon. The lab's service is so important for many stakeholders and beekeepers nationwide. We ask your support to keep this lab running!

Details about their outstanding research and service are here:

The USDA Secretary has announced the opening of a 30-day public comment period for stakeholders to provide feedback on the Department’s reorganization plan (see message below). Everyone can submit comments to reorgan...@usda.gov emphasizing the vital importance of keeping the Bee Research Laboratory in Beltsville.

Reasons to keep this lab:
Seasonal Climate for Research
Beltsville's four-season climate is essential for studying overwintering losses and seasonal disease dynamics—key factors in U.S. colony declines.
Strategic Biosecurity
Its location away from major beekeeping centers reduces the risk of disease spread, allowing safe, controlled research on high-risk pathogens.
Ecological and Agricultural Diversity
Maryland’s diverse ecosystems and proximity to major agricultural regions support realistic testing of nutrition, pesticide exposure, and pollination services.
The Beltsville lab provides unique and irreplaceable research conditions. Closing it would severely impact our ability to support pollinator health nationwide.

Appreciate your support!


With immense gratitude and respect,

Hongmei

-----------------------------

Hongmei Li-Byarlay | 李红梅, Ph.D., F.R.E.S. (she/her/hers) 

Research Associate Professor of Genomics &Entomology, Principal Investigator of CSU Bee Research Lab,

Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, Ohio 45384. 1890 LAND-GRANT INSTITUTION 

I gratefully acknowledge that I live on the ancestral lands of Kaskaskia, Shawnee, Miami, and other Indigenous peoples. https://native-land.ca/

I choose to work flexibly & send emails outside normal office hours. No need to respond to my emails outside yours.

'If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you. If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you."


From: beemon...@googlegroups.com <beemon...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Tanner Bland <tmbl...@gmail.com>
Sent: Wednesday, August 6, 2025 5:32 PM
To: droe...@gmail.com <droe...@gmail.com>
Cc: beemon...@googlegroups.com <beemon...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [Beemonitoring] Euphorbia Overlooked?
 
You don't often get email from tmbl...@gmail.com. Learn why this is important

CAUTION: This email originated from outside Central State University. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Hongmei Li-Byarlay

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Aug 6, 2025, 6:20:22 PMAug 6
to Angus Mossman, beemon...@googlegroups.com


With immense gratitude and respect,

Hongmei

-----------------------------

Hongmei Li-Byarlay | 李红梅, Ph.D., F.R.E.S. (she/her/hers) 

Research Associate Professor of Genomics &Entomology, Principal Investigator of CSU Bee Research Lab,

Central State University, 1400 Brush Row Road, Wilberforce, Ohio 45384. 1890 LAND-GRANT INSTITUTION 

I gratefully acknowledge that I live on the ancestral lands of Kaskaskia, Shawnee, Miami, and other Indigenous peoples. https://native-land.ca/

I choose to work flexibly & send emails outside normal office hours. No need to respond to my emails outside yours.

'If you are not willing to learn, no one can help you. If you are determined to learn, no one can stop you."



From: Angus Mossman <angusth...@gmail.com>
Sent: Wednesday, August 6, 2025 6:14 PM
To: Hongmei Li-Byarlay <hli-b...@centralstate.edu>
Subject: Re: [Beemonitoring] Please support the USDA ARS bee lab in Beltsville, Maryland
 
You don't often get email from angusth...@gmail.com. Learn why this is important
CAUTION: This email originated from outside Central State University. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe.

Thank you!

(FYI, the web/info link in that email does not lead me to a usable site--see screenshot below)

image.png

Jack Neff

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Aug 6, 2025, 6:28:34 PMAug 6
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Around six species of Perdita are specialists on Euphorbia in Texas but they are all far western species.  I have no records for that group  east of 102.7 W.  Same for the Euphorbia loving Protandrena and Anthophorula.  Calliopsis anomoptera makes it to 99.5 W.   I would be very surprised to find any of the Euphorbia specialists occuring much further East but who knows with global warming..

Jack

John L. Neff Central Texas Melittological Institute 7307 Running Rope Austin,TX 78731 USA 512-345-7219


Don Weber

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Aug 6, 2025, 6:40:22 PMAug 6
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Hongmei,
Thank you for publicizing this. I have two additional suggestions:
(1) Please do not send your comments only to the usda.gov email below. Please copy or send similar comments to your elected representatives (US Senators and Representatives). If you don't know who they are, find that info here: Find Your Members in the U.S. Congress

(2) Please do not confine your support to the Bee Research Laboratory. Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) houses a number of other productive and deserving labs, shown here: Beltsville Agricultural Research Center : USDA ARS including of course my own lab group, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, as well as the renowned Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center : USDA ARS.  BARC used to also house Sam Droege's lab, which is in the adjoining and very valuable Patuxent Center of the USGS USGS Bee Lab at the Eastern Ecological Science Center -- which I am sure many of you have already spoken on behalf of.  

Thanks all for your support!

Don
not on govt time
 







H

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Aug 6, 2025, 6:57:55 PMAug 6
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Jack/Sam- I re-ran this from my earlier txt only post to Sam. I know that
out west the sidewalk-surges are wonderful teaching movements with school
groups that leave campus. What was a commonly trodden upon plant becomes a
bastion of pollination activity.... once you get down on your belly and
look at things laterally. Cheers,h


countORecords GenusName Subgenus Species Group Species CONCATENATE
FamilyName ECO_mapped
1 Ammophila NULL NULL sp. Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae NULL
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL brunneiventre Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL nevadense Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
9 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
80 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata elegans Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorisca) NULL texana Croton engelmannii Euphorbiaceae
NULL
1 Megachile (Acentron) NULL albitarsis Croton engelmannii Euphorbiaceae
NULL
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL ignota Croton engelmannii Euphorbiaceae NULL
6 Svastra (Epimelissodes) NULL atripes Croton engelmannii Euphorbiaceae
NULL
9 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
22 Apis NULL NULL sp. Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Hylaeus NULL NULL sp. Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Lasioglossum NULL NULL sp. Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
2 Megachile NULL NULL sp. Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL cactorum Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 NULL NULL NULL NULL Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
3 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL acantha Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
9 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae
NULL
4 Lasioglossum NULL NULL sp. Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) NULL titusi Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Melissodes (Callimelissodes) NULL stearnsi Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL foveata Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL sonora Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae NULL
2 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia ammannioides
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL nigromaculata Euphorbia ammannioides
Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia ammannioides Euphorbiaceae NULL
1 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia oblongata Euphorbiaceae
NULL
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Acalypha neomexicana Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 NULL NULL NULL NULL Acalypha phleoides Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Acalypha phleoides Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. Acalypha phleoides Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce revoluta Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL neglectula Croton dioicus
Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton dioicus Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
14 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL neglectula Croton fruticulosus
Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains forests
1 Chlorion NULL NULL sp. Croton fruticulosus Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
6 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton fruticulosus Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL angelicus Croton pottsii
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Croton pottsii
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL neglectula Croton pottsii
Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains forests
8 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Euodynerus NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
3 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
20 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL semicaeruleum Croton pottsii
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
33 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group n. sp. Croton pottsii
Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains forests
2 Melissodes (Eumelissodes) NULL tristis Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Paratiphia NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Protandrena NULL NULL trifoliata Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
2 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. C2 Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
2 Ammophila NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
5 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL neglectula Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Cerceris NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Chrysididae NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
4 Eucerceris NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Eumenes NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Euodynerus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) NULL wootoni Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
11 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Megachile (Argyropile) NULL parallela Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Megachile (Sayapis) NULL policaris Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
4 Melissodes (Eumelissodes) NULL tristis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
2 Oxybelus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Parancistrocerus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Paratiphia NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Pompilidae NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Psenulus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Tachytes NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Tetraloniella NULL NULL eriocarpi Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Triepeolus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
2 Triepeolus NULL NULL sp. C1 Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Triepeolus NULL simplex sp.2 Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains
forests
1 Eucerceris NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
1 Melissodes (Eumelissodes) NULL tristis Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbiaceae Arizona Mountains forests
1 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL neglectula Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
6 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Phyllanthus polygonoides
Euphorbiaceae Arizona
Mountains forests
9 Perdita (Perdita) NULL divaricata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Balsas dry
forests
2 Trigonisca NULL NULL pipioli Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Balsas dry
forests
1 Nomada (Micronomada) NULL suavis Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae
California
Central Valley grasslands
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL euphorbiae Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae California
Central Valley grasslands
1 Anthidium (Anthidium) NULL utahense Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae California
coastal sage and chaparral
1 Dianthidium (Dianthidium) NULL parvum Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae California
coastal sage and chaparral
6 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae California
coastal sage and chaparral
1 Zacosmia NULL NULL maculata Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae California
coastal sage and chaparral
1 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
8 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL incompletum Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae California interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Melissodes (Callimelissodes) NULL lupinus Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae California interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Triepeolus NULL NULL sp. 1 Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL aridula Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL rufitarsis Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Bombus (Pyrobombus) NULL vosnesenskii Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL imbrex Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Nomada NULL NULL albomacula Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae California
interior chaparral and woodlands
1 Andrena (Diandrena) NULL agoseridis Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae California
montane chaparral and woodlands
2 Megachile (Chalicodoma) NULL canescens Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Canary
Islands dry woodlands and forests
1 Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) NULL sp. 1 Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Coelioxys NULL NULL assumptionis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
2 Megachile (Acentron) NULL albitarsis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Neochelynia) NULL chichimeca Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Pseudocentron) NULL aff. inscita Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Pseudocentron) NULL azteca Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Pseudocentron) NULL furcata Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Sayapis) NULL zaptlana Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Megachile (Tylomegachile) NULL toluca Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Central
American dry forests
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton monanthogynus
Euphorbiaceae Central and Southern mixed grasslands
41 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
70 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL shinnersi Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
1 Heriades (Neotrypetes) NULL micheneri Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
17 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
14 Protandrena (Heterosarus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
15 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce hyssopifolia Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Chamaesyce hyssopifolia
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce serrula Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group n. sp. Chamaesyce serrula
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
49 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Asilidae NULL NULL NON_BEE Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
63 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Bombyliidae NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
7 Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) NULL persimilis Chamaesyce sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Clypeadon NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
17 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Perdita (Heteroperdita) NULL trifasciata Chamaesyce sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) halictoides lenis Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Philanthus NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Plenoculus NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Tachysphex NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton dioicus Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 BEE NULL NULL sp. Croton dioicus Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Wasp NULL NULL NULL Croton dioicus Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
5 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Eucerceris NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Eumenes NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Tachytes NULL NULL sp. Croton pottsii Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Anthophora (Micranthophora) NULL curta Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
19 BEE NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) NULL subalpina Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
1 Colletes consors NULL wickhami Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Diadasia NULL NULL rinconis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Eucerceris NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
18 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Megachile NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Megachile (Chelostomoides) NULL spinotulata Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Oxybelus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Parancistrocerus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Paratiphia NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Perdita (Pentaperdita) NULL albovittata Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Polistes NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Pompilidae NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Tachytes NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Triepeolus NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
12 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Dieunomia (Epinomia) NULL nevadensis Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
1 Eumenidae NULL NULL sp. Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Hesperapis (Carinapis) NULL rodecki Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
21 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton texensis
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
11 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia fendleri
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
1 Oreopasites NULL NULL favreauae Euphorbia fendleri Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL cladothricis Euphorbia fendleri
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia fendleri Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL nanula Euphorbia geyeri Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia geyeri var.wheeleriana
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL cactorum Euphorbia lata
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Neolarra (Phileremulus) NULL vigilans Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) NULL subrufiventris Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata labergei Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
46 NULL NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Anthidium (Anthidium) NULL porterae Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Anthophora (Micranthophora) NULL curta Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
1 Anthophorula NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL compactula Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL rufiventris Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Ashmeadiella NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Calliopsis (Calliopsis) NULL squamifera Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
7 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
13 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL fulgida Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL rogeri Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Diptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Exomalopsis NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
1 Macrotera NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
28 Perdita (Perdita) NULL divaricata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
25 Perdita (Perdita) NULL subrufiventris Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
9 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata aff. labergei n.sp. 4 Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata apacheorum Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
6 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata labergei Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae chihuahua Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
3 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae obscurella Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
9 Perdita (Perditella) NULL larreae Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
7 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Chihuahuan
desert
12 Protandrena (Heterosarus) NULL nanulus Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Chihuahuan
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Chamaesyce serpens
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Anthidium (Anthidium) NULL porterae Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
2 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Conanthalictus NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Perdita (Perditella) NULL cladothricis Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL marcialis Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
49 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
1 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL crassula Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL callicerata Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton longipes
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
3 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
5 Protandrena NULL NULL sphaeralceae Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Croton texensis
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL larreae Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
64 Perdita (Perditella) NULL marcialis Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
3 Andrena NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
4 Andrena (Andrena) NULL milwaukeensis Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
14 Andrena (Melandrena) NULL lupinorum Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
5 Andrena (Plastandrena) NULL prunorum Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
72 Andrena (Thysandrena) NULL medionitens Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
2 Andrena (Thysandrena) NULL w-scripta Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
7 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL cupreotincta Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
3 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL zionensis Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
7 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL nanula Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL neomexicana Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
2 Habropoda NULL NULL cineraria Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Habropoda NULL NULL morrisoni Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
7 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) NULL aff. cookii n.sp. Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
6 Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) NULL wootoni Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL abundipunctum Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL perdifficile Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL ruidosense Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
14 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
3 Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) NULL pulveris Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Nomada NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
5 Osmia (Acanthosmioides) NULL integra Euphorbia brachycera
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. E2 Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. E3 Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. E7 Euphorbia brachycera Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia fendleri
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. E16 Euphorbia fendleri Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL clematisellum Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Neolarra (Phileremulus) NULL cockerelli Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
8 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata dilecta Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata phymatae Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Ashmeadiella NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
2 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL sonora Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Lasioglossum NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
1 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau
shrublands
2 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL crassula Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Perdita (Glossoperdita) NULL aff. giliae n.sp. 4 Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Colorado Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata aridella Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
45 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata dilecta Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
2 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae elongaticeps Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
35 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis gentilis Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis thermophila Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Plateau shrublands
1 Osmia (Melanosmia) NULL bucephala Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Rockies forests
2 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL amphibola Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Colorado
Rockies forests
2 Plebeia NULL NULL molesta Jatropha sp. Euphorbiaceae Dry
Chaco
5 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East Central Texas
forests
1 BEE NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East Central Texas
forests
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL ignota Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East Central
Texas forests
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL pratti Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East Central
Texas forests
32 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East
Central Texas forests
5 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata picturata Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae East
Central Texas forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Great
Basin montane forests
1 Osmia (Melanosmia) NULL pikei Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Great Basin
montane forests
2 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Great Basin shrub
steppe
1 Halictus (Odontalictus) NULL ligatus Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Great
Basin shrub steppe
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Great
Basin shrub steppe
1 BEE NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia amygdaloides Euphorbiaceae Great Basin shrub
steppe
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata dilecta Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Great
Basin shrub steppe
1 Wasp NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Hawaii tropical moist
forests
2 Cephalotrigona NULL NULL eburneiventer Croton draco Euphorbiaceae Jalisco
dry forests
1 Nannotrigona NULL NULL perilampoides Croton draco Euphorbiaceae Jalisco
dry forests
4 Partamona NULL NULL orizabaensis Croton draco Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
7 Scaptotrigona NULL NULL hellwegeri Croton draco Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
3 Trigonisca NULL NULL pipioli Croton draco Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
1 Frieseomelitta NULL NULL nigra Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
1 Megachile (Acentron) NULL albitarsis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Jalisco
dry forests
1 Mesoxaea NULL NULL nigerrima Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
2 Partamona NULL NULL orizabaensis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
1 Xylocopa NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Jalisco dry
forests
2 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
5 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Diptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
6 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL polycarpae Chamaesyce albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
3 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce fendleri Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce fendleri Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Chamaesyce fendleri
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Pentaperdita) NULL af. melanochroa Chamaesyce fendleri
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis nasuta Chamaesyce fendleri Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Heteroperdita) NULL scutellaris Chamaesyce parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
5 NULL NULL NULL NULL Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis euphorbiana Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL angelicus / texanus Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Anthophora (Micranthophora) NULL cockerelli Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Calliopsis (Calliopsima) NULL pectidis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Colletes americanus americanus tectiventris Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
5 Dieunomia (Epinomia) NULL nevadensis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Hylaeus (Prosopis) NULL coquilletti Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL hyalinum Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL microlepoides Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
27 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. M1 Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Megachile (Megachiloides) NULL xerophila Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
4 Melissodes (Eumelissodes) NULL verbesinarum Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Neolarra (Phileremulus) NULL aff. vigilans Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Perdita (Cockerellia) NULL utahensis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Pentaperdita) NULL albovittata Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
8 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata abdominalis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata butleri Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
101 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata elegans Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata pectidis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae compta Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae eximia Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
32 Perdita (Perditella) NULL larreae Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. Croton californicus Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton longipes Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
5 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL angelicus Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL angelicus / texanus Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL melliventris Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Anthophora (Mystacanthophora) NULL urbana Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Anthophorula NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL gutierreziae Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Colletes simulans NULL louisae Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Diadasia NULL NULL sphaeralcearum Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Dieunomia (Epinomia) NULL nevadensis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL hudsoniellum Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL hyalinum Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL n. sp. nr. macroprosopum Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Croton sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL callicerata Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata abdominalis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
54 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
24 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis thermophila Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Perdita (Perditella) NULL larreae Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Procockerellia) NULL albonotata Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL angelicus / texanus Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
7 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL melliventris Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
8 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Hylaeus (Prosopis) NULL coquilletti Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
8 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL tegulariforme Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) NULL pulveris Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL crassula Croton wigginsii Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
36 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis euphorbiana Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Perdita (Procockerellia) NULL albonotata Croton wigginsii
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Ammophila NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL compactula Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Ashmeadiella NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Ashmeadiella (Arogochila) NULL breviceps Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
3 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL rufitarsis Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
11 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL sonora Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Belomicrus NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
18 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
3 Chrysididae NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
5 Crabronidae NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Diptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Formicidae NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Hylaeus (Paraprosopis) NULL cookii Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
8 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL abundipunctum Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL hudsoniellum Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL tegulariforme Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
4 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) NULL amicum Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mellea Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis thermophila Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
78 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
16 Plenoculus NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Solierella NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL compactula Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL rufiventris Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
60 Calliopsis NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Calliopsis (Calliopsima) NULL pectidis Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL nigromaculata Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Holcopasites NULL NULL arizonicus Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL microlepoides Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
4 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mortuaria Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Melissodes (Tachymelissodes) NULL opuntiellus Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Neolarra (Phileremulus) NULL aff. vigilans Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
12 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL aff. crassula Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
17 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL polycarpae Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL callicerata Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) NULL sp. Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata abdominalis Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
26 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata aff. labergei n.sp. 1 Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
5 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata aff. labergei n.sp. 2 Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata pectidis Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata phymatae Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis euphorbiana Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis thermophila Euphorbia parryi
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
8 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia polycarpa
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Euphorbia polycarpa
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
5 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL polycarpae Euphorbia polycarpa
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia polycarpa Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
11 NULL NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL compactula Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL rufiventris Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
17 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL bigeloviae Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL cactorum Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL prosopidis Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
8 Calliopsis NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
7 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
27 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL nigromaculata Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
9 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Dioxys NULL NULL pacifica Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Hylaeus (Prosopis) NULL coquilletti Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL hyalinum Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL microlepoides Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. M3 Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL tegulariforme Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
24 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group perparvum Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
2 Neolarra (Phileremulus) NULL aff. vigilans Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
27 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
11 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL aff. crassula Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
37 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL polycarpae Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
6 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL callicerata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
4 Perdita (Pentaperdita) NULL albovittata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) halictoides sexmaculata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata abdominalis Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
3 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata aff. labergei n.sp. 3 Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Mojave desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) sphaeralceae eximia Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis euphorbiana Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) ventralis inornata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
211 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
2 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. 03 Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Mojave
desert
1 Andrena (Euandrena) NULL nigrocaerulea Euphorbia chamaesula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
8 NULL NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley and
Foothill grasslands
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL texanus Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Andrena NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley and
Foothill grasslands
1 Andrena (Melandrena) NULL nivalis Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
4 Andrena (Plastandrena) NULL crataegi Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
2 Andrena (Plastandrena) NULL prunorum Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
7 Andrena (Scaphandrena) scurra scurra Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
7 Andrena (Simandrena) NULL pallidifovea Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Andrena (Thysandrena) NULL w-scripta Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
2 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL amphibola Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL miranda Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
2 Andrena (Tylandrena) NULL subtilis Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
98 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley
and Foothill grasslands
1 Bombus (Bombias) NULL nevadensis Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
4 Bombus (Cullumanobombus) NULL rufocinctus Euphorbia esula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Bombus (Fervidobombus) NULL fervidus Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Bombus (Psithyrus) NULL insularis Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
8 Bombus (Pyrobombus) NULL bifarius Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
2 Bombus (Pyrobombus) NULL centralis Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
2 Bombus (Pyrobombus) NULL huntii Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Colletes consors NULL consors Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
6 Diptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley
and Foothill grasslands
1 Halictus (Odontalictus) NULL ligatus Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
6 Halictus (Protohalictus) NULL rubicundus Euphorbia esula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
3 Hymenoptera NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
3 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Euphorbia esula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) NULL trizonatum Euphorbia esula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Megachile (Litomegachile) NULL onobrychidis Euphorbia esula
Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Melecta (Melecta) NULL pacifica Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Nomada NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley and
Foothill grasslands
27 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley
and Foothill grasslands
1 unidentifiable bee parts NULL NULL unidentifiable bee parts Euphorbia
esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands
1 Wasp NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia esula Euphorbiaceae Montana Valley and
Foothill grasslands
1 Bombus (Pyrobombus) NULL bifarius Euphorbia exigua Euphorbiaceae Montana
Valley and Foothill grasslands
9 BEE NULL NULL sp. Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Nebraska Sand Hills
mixed grasslands
1 Eumenes NULL NULL sp. Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Nebraska Sand Hills
mixed grasslands
4 Heriades NULL NULL sp. Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Nebraska Sand Hills
mixed grasslands
1 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Nebraska Sand
Hills mixed grasslands
40 BEE NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Northern
Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
1 Diadasia NULL NULL nitidifrons Poinsettia geniculata Euphorbiaceae
Northwestern
thorn scrub forests
10 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra Madre Occidental
pine-oak forests
1 Calliopsis NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra Madre
Occidental pine-oak forests
7 Perdita NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra Madre
Occidental pine-oak forests
11 Protandrena (Heterosarus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
6 BEE NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra Madre Occidental
pine-oak forests
1 Calliopsis (Calliopsis) NULL squamifera Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
1 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Madre Occidental pine-oak forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
4 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada
forests
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL cactorum Croton setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
4 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL pomoniella Croton setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
6 Ceratina (Ceratina) NULL arizonensis Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
7 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL acantha Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
2 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL nanula Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
6 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL timberlakei Croton setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Croton setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Anthidiellum (Loyalanthidium) NULL robertsoni Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
4 Apis NULL NULL mellifera Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
3 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL aridula Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL difugita Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
10 Augochlorella (Augochlorella) NULL pomoniella Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
1 Bombyliidae NULL NULL sp. Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
5 Ceratina (Ceratina) NULL arizonensis Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Ceratina (Zadontomerus) NULL nanula Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
4 Dianthidium (Dianthidium) NULL dubium Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Dufourea NULL NULL sp. Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada
forests
1 Halictus (Odontalictus) NULL ligatus Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
19 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
1 Hylaeus NULL NULL sp. Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada
forests
1 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL brunneiventre Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
5 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) ruidosense sp. Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
2 Megachile (Eutricharaea) NULL apicalis Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
1 Megachile (Litomegachile) NULL gentilis Eremocarpus setigerus
Euphorbiaceae Sierra Nevada forests
1 Megachile (Sayapis) NULL fidelis Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Megachile (Sayapis) NULL frugalis Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 Sphecodes NULL NULL sp. Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Sierra
Nevada forests
1 NULL NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sinaloan dry
forests
1 Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) NULL similis Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sinaloan
dry forests
1 Perdita (Perdita) NULL rufescens Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sinaloan
dry forests
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Chamaesyce polycarpa Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
83 BEE NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
5 Bombyliidae NULL NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Chamaesyce sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
7 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) NULL sp. Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
13 NON_BEE NULL NULL NON_BEE Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Perdita (Perditella) NULL marcialis Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
15 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Chamaesyce sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Anthidium (Anthidium) NULL paroselae Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Anthophora (Micranthophora) NULL abroniae Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL aff. palmarum Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata crotonis Croton californicus
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Ashmeadiella NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
8 BEE NULL NULL sp. Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
4 Perdita (Perdita) NULL rufescens Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Wasp NULL NULL NULL Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
9 NULL NULL NULL NULL Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL bigeloviae Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Calliopsis NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
3 Calliopsis (Perissander) NULL anomoptera Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
5 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mellea Euphorbia albomarginata
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL nigromaculata Euphorbia polycarpa
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mellea Euphorbia polycarpa
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
4 Anthophorula (Anthophorula) NULL euphorbiae Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL bigeloviae Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL meliloti Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Ashmeadiella (Ashmeadiella) NULL sonora Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
2 Calliopsis (Calliopsis) NULL squamifera Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
2 Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) NULL callops Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
18 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
28 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL nigromaculata Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran desert
1 Colletes consors NULL wickhami Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Colletes simulans NULL simulans Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
2 Diadasia NULL NULL diminuta Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Dufourea NULL Ser mulleri Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Exomalopsis (Phanomalopsis) NULL solani Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Heriades (Neotrypetes) NULL micheneri Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
10 Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tegulare group sp.1 Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mellea Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
2 Megachile (Chelostomoides) NULL spinotulata Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Megachile (Megachiloides) NULL yumensis Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
85 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL euphorbiae Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Perdita (Epimacrotera) NULL polycarpae Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
3 Perdita (Hexaperdita) NULL callicerata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Perdita (Pentaperdita) NULL albovittata Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
10 Perdita (Perdita) NULL rufescens Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
2 Perdita (Perdita) halictoides sexmaculata Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
21 Perdita (Perditella) NULL cladothricis Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
7 Perdita (Perditella) NULL minima Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Sonoran
desert
1 Macrotera (Macroterella) NULL mellea Euphorbia parryi Euphorbiaceae
Sonoran-Sinaloan
transition subtropical dry forest
2 Pseudopanurgus NULL NULL nanulus Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae
Sonoran-Sinaloan
transition subtropical dry forest
2 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL splendens Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbiaceae Southeastern conifer forests
1 Agapostemon (Agapostemon) NULL texanus Poinsettia heterophylla
Euphorbiaceae Southeastern conifer forests
6 BEE NULL NULL sp. Euphorbia polycarpa Euphorbiaceae Tehuacán Valley
matorral
5 NULL NULL NULL NULL Croton sp. Euphorbiaceae Texas blackland
prairies
2 Calliopsis (Micronomadopsis) NULL helianthi Euphorbia sp.
Euphorbiaceae Wasatch
and Uinta montane forests
1 Andrena (Melandrena) NULL commoda Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
1 Andrena (Trachandrena) NULL cyanophila Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
3 Andrena (Tylandrena) NULL subtilis Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
2 Halictus (Seladonia) NULL tripartitus Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
1 Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) NULL colatum Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
1 Osmia (Acanthosmioides) NULL unca Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Wyoming
Basin shrub steppe
1 Stelis (Dolichostelis) NULL costalis Croton campechianus
Euphorbiaceae Yucatán
moist forests

Harold W Ikerd
<https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person/?person-id=39335>
Hik...@gmail.com
435-227-5711 (phone)
435-797-2526(work)
*When the bug in your system is Aha ha
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aha_ha>, you know you're in trouble. *
> covering large areas, and very low, so it is an actual *effort* to pay
> attention to scanning them for insects - your brain just wants to filter it
> all as background noise. (2) Netting insects that are on the ground is, as
> many of us know, a challenge - it's bad on the back and knees, can damage
> your net, and the critters frequently do NOT fly up into the net, which can
> be intensely frustrating. But who wants to invest in a handheld D-vac
> device, and lug it everywhere into the field with them, just to suck up
> spurge pollinators?
>
> If someone ever got a serious urge to do spurge, then a D-vac *would* be
> the way to go. You wouldn't need to hunt for things, and you'd get a really
> large and unbiased sample, though you'd be pulling a lot of bycatch of
> things on the soil surface that were not visiting the flowers.
>
> Peace,
>
> --
> Doug Yanega Dept. of Entomology Entomology Research Museum
> Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314 voicemail:951-827-8704
> FaceBook: Doug Yanega (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)
> https://faculty.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html
> "There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness
> is the true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82
>
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>

laurence packer

unread,
Aug 6, 2025, 9:07:46 PMAug 6
to hli-b...@centralstate.edu, droe...@gmail.com, beemon...@googlegroups.com
I am wondering, as I have before, how useful it would be for folks from other countries
to contribute to this effort? There seems so much animosity in some directions that
it might have the opposite effect.
It would be nice if the canadian equivalent of the USDA would provide support at a
high level (as I also wondered before) but I suspect nobody would be prepared to
put their neck out!
advice?
cheers
 
laurence
 
 
Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 2025 at 6:05 PM
From: "'Hongmei Li-Byarlay' via beemonitoring" <beemon...@googlegroups.com>
To: "droe...@gmail.com" <droe...@gmail.com>, "beemon...@googlegroups.com" <beemon...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: [Beemonitoring] Please support the USDA ARS bee lab in Beltsville, Maryland
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