我們福爾摩沙人/ 台派/ 台美人可以考慮從明年起, 每年舉辦終戰紀念活動, 以洗滌戰敗的福爾摩沙人之心, 且培育福爾摩沙子弟的尚武精神
david chou
1
在軍事領域中或者戰爭史中或者一個將領的傳記或回憶錄之中, 我們常會見到文件的標題或編號為 “General Order X”, 我們台灣人最熟悉的應該就是以Gen. Douglas MacArthur為首的OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS (SCAP)於1945年9月2日頒佈的General Order No. 1.
General Order通常是由軍區/ 戰區/ 佔領區的大本營或指揮部統帥或指揮官所下達的Order or Directive, 由於統帥或指揮官的軍階通常為General [有時甚至只有Lieutenant General or Major General], 所以, 以他的名義發出的Order or Directive就名為General Order.
THE OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS (SCAP)於1945年9月2日頒佈的General Order No. 1當年被譯為 "一般命令第一號", 這個翻譯其實不好, 後來甚至還有人把它譯為 “總命令第一號”, 這都是望文生義或查字典所造成的結果.
2
在美日太平洋戰爭結束後或終戰後, 亦即大日本帝國天皇敕令與宣布投降後, 除了那些投靠支那的半山敗類與若干頭腦不清的福爾摩沙人之外, 與 "內地的日本人" 一起淪為戰敗者的/ 原為日本國民的/ 有識的福爾摩沙人可說是聞General Order No. 1而色變, 因為他們已能預測到美國總統Harry Truman & SCAP的統帥Gen. Douglas MacArthur就要在台灣投下殺傷力與毀滅力遠比投在廣島與長崎的 “Little Boy” & “Fat Man” 還要大的, 也就是不少有識的Formosan patriots戲稱為 ”蔣該死” (“Chancre Jack”, “Cash-My-Check”) 與 “陳儀” 的兩顆原子彈.
GENERAL ORDER No. 1 (I)(a)
The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within China, (excluding Manchuria), Formosa and French Indo-China North of 16 degrees North latitude, shall surrender to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek.
GENERAL ORDER No. 1 (I)(e)
The Imperial General Headquarters, its Senior Commanders, and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan, minor Islands adjacent thereto, Korea South of 38 degrees North latitude, Ryukyus, and the Philippines shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Army Forces, Pacific.
GENERAL ORDER No. 1 (I)(f)
The above indicated Commanders are the only representatives of the Allied Powers empowered to accept surrender.
Appendix I
General Order No. 1 for the surrender of Japan was prepared by the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff and approved by President Harry Truman on August 17, 1945. It was issued by General Douglas MacArthur to the representative of the Empire of Japan following the surrender of Japan, and then issued by Japanese Imperial General Headquarters to the forces of the Empire of Japan on 2 September 1945 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Order_No._1]
《一般命令第一號》（英語：General Order No. 1）是第二次世界大戰日本向同盟國無條件投降後，由美軍參謀長聯席會議制定，於1945年8月17日經美國總統杜魯門核准，送交盟軍最高統帥麥克阿瑟元帥供其在1945年9月2日的受降儀式上發佈予日方代表，再由日本帝國大本營對所有日軍發佈的軍事命令，其內容為解除日本武裝的指示以及軍事佔領日本帝國全領域的規範。該命令為了實行正式投降的流程，要求各地日軍司令官立即聯繫各指定的同盟成員國司令官或其代表。[https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/一般命令第一號#外部連結]
Appendix II
GENERAL ORDER NO.I
OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/files/000097066.pdf
OFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERS
2 September 1945
DIRECTIVE NUMBER I
Pursuant to the provisions of the Instrument of Surrender signed by representatives of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese Imperial Government and of the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, 2 September 1945, the attached “General Order Number I, Military and Naval” and any necessary amplifying instructions, will be issued without delay to Japanese and Japanese-controlled Armed Forces and to affected civilian agencies, for their full and complete compliance.
By direction of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers:
R. K. SUTHERLAND
Lieutenant General, U. S. Army,
Chief of Staff.
I incl:
General Order No. I,
Military and Naval.
一般命令第一号
聯合国最高司令官総司令部
聯合国最高司令官総司令部 指令 第一号
千九百四十五年九月二日
千九百四十五年九月二日日本国天皇及日本帝国政府ノ 代表者並ニ日本帝国大本営ノ代表者ニ依リ署名セラレタ ル降伏文書ノ規定ニ従ヒ別添「一般命令第一号、陸、海 軍」及右ヲ敷衍スル必要ナル訓令ヲ日本国軍隊及日本国 ノ支配下ニアル軍隊並ニ関係非軍事機関ニ対シ遅滞ナク 発出シ之ヲ十分且完全ニ遵守セシムベシ 聯合国最高司令官ノ指示ニ依リ
参謀長 米国陸軍中将 Ｒ、Ｋ、サザーランド
添附書 一般命令第一号 陸、海軍
GENERAL ORDER No. 1
Military and Naval
I. The Imperial General Headquarters by direction of the Emperor, and pursuant to the surrender to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers of all Japanese Armed Forces by the Emperor, hereby orders all of its Commanders in Japan and abroad to cause the Japanese Armed Forces and Japanese-controlled Forces under their command to cease hostilities at once, to lay down their arms, to remain in their present locations and to surrender unconditionally to Commanders acting on behalf of the United States, The Republic of China, The United Kingdom and the British Empire, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, as indicated hereafter or as may be further directed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Immediate contact will be made with the indicated Commanders, or their designated representatives, subject to any changes in detail prescribed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, and their instructions will be completely and immediately carried out.
(a) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within China, (excluding Manchuria), Formosa and French Indo-China North of 16 degrees North latitude, shall surrender to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek.
(b) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Manchuria, Korea North of 38 degrees North latitude, Karafuto, and the Kurile Islands, shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in the Far East.
(c) (1) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within the Andamans, Nicobars, Burma, Thailand, French Indo-China South of 16 degrees North latitude, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas (including Bali, Lombok, and Timor), Boeroe, Ceram, Ambon, Kai, Aroe, Tanimbar and islands in the Arafura Sea, Celebes, Halmahera and Dutch New Guinea shall surrender to the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command. (2) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces within Borneo, British New Guinea, the Bismarcks and the Solomons shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, Australian Military Forces.
(d) The senior Japanese Commanders and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the Japanese mandated Islands, Bonins, and other Pacific Islands shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Pacific Fleet.
(e) The Imperial General Headquarters, its Senior Commanders, and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan, minor Islands adjacent thereto, Korea South of 38 degrees North latitude, Ryukyus, and the Philippines shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Army Forces, Pacific.
(f) The above indicated Commanders are the only representatives of the Allied Powers empowered to accept surrender, and all surrenders of Japanese Forces shall be made only to them or to their representatives. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters further orders its Commanders in Japan and abroad to disarm completely all forces of Japan or under Japanese control wherever they may be situated, and to deliver intact and in safe and good condition all weapons and equipment at such times and at such places as may be prescribed by the Allied Commanders indicated above. Pending further instructions, the Japanese Police Force in the main Islands of Japan will be exempt from this disarmament provision. The Police Force will remain at their posts and shall be held responsible for the preservation of Law and Order. The strength and arms of such Police Force will be prescribed.
II. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete information with respect to Japan and all areas under Japanese control, as follows:
(a) Lists of all land, naval, air and anti-aircraft units showing locations and strengths in Officers and Men.
(b) Lists of all aircraft, Military, Naval and Civil, giving complete information as to the number, type, location and condition of such aircraft.
(c) Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled Naval Vessels, surface and submarine and Auxiliary Naval Craft, in or out of commission and under construction, giving their positions, condition and movement.
(d) Lists of all Japanese and Japanese-controlled Merchant Ships of over 100 gross tons, in or out of commission and under construction, including Merchant Ships formerly belonging to any of the United Nations which are now in Japanese hands, giving their positions, condition and movement.
(e) Complete and detailed information, accompanied by maps, showing locations and layouts of all mines, minefields, and other obstacles to movement by land, sea or air, and the safety lanes in connection therewith.
(f) Locations and descriptions of all military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas.
(g) Locations of all camps and other places of detention of United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees.
III. Japanese Armed Forces and Civil Aviation Authorities will insure that all Japanese Military, Naval and Civil Aircraft remain on the ground, on the water, or abroad ship, until further notification of the disposition to be made of them.
IV. Japanese or Japanese-controlled Naval or Merchant vessels of all types will be maintained without damage and will undertake no movement pending instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Vessels at sea will immediately render harmless and throw overboard explosives of all types. Vessels not at sea will immediately remove explosives of all types to safe storage ashore.
V. Responsible Japanese or Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities will insure that: (a) All Japanese mines, minefields and other obstacles to movement by land, sea and air, wherever located, be removed according to instructions of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. (b) All aids to navigation be reestablished at once. (c) All safety lanes be kept open and clearly marked pending accomplishment of (a) above.
VI. Responsible Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities will hold intact and in good condition pending further instructions from the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers the following: (a) All arms, ammunition, explosives, military equipment, stores and supplies, and other implements of war of all kinds and all other war material (except as specifically prescribed in section IV of this order). (b) All land, water and air transportation and communication facilities and equipment. (c) All Military installations and establishments, including airfields, seaplane bases, anti-aircraft defenses, ports and naval bases, storage depots, permanent and temporary land and coast fortifications, fortresses and other fortified areas, together with plans and drawings of all such fortifications, installations and establishments.
(d) All factories, plants, shops, research institutions, laboratories, testing stations, technical data, patents, plans, drawings and inventions designed or intended to produce or to facilitate the production or use of all implements of war and other material and property used by or intended for use by any military or part-military organization in connection with its operations.
VII. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters shall furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete lists of all the items specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (d) of section VI above, indicating the numbers, types and locations of each.
VIII. The manufacture and distribution of all arms, ammunition and implements of war will cease forthwith.
IX. With respect to United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees in the hands of Japanese or Japanese-controlled authorities:
(a) The safety and well-being of all United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees will be scrupulously preserved, to include the administrative and supply services essential to provide adequate food, shelter, clothing, and medical care until such responsibility is undertaken by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.
(b) Each camp or other place of detention of United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees together with its equipment, stores, records, arms, and ammunition, will be delivered immediately to the command of the senior officer or designated representative of the Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees.
(c) As directed by Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees will be transported to places of safety where they can be accepted by Allied authorities.
(d) The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters will furnish to the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, without delay after receipt of this order, complete lists of all United Nations Prisoners of War and Civilian Internees, indicating their locations.
X. All Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Authorities shall aid and assist the occupation of Japan and Japanese-controlled areas by forces of the Allied Powers.
XI. The Japanese Imperial General Headquarters and appropriate Japanese Officials shall be prepared, on instructions from Allied Occupation Commanders, to collect and deliver all arms in the possession of the Japanese Civilian population.
XII. This and all subsequent instructions issued by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers or other Allied Military Authorities will be scrupulously and promptly obeyed by Japanese and Japanese-controlled Military and Civil Officials and private persons. Any delay or failure to comply with the provisions of this or subsequent orders, and any action which the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers determines to be detrimental to the Allied Powers, will incur drastic and summary punishment at the hands of Allied Military Authorities and the Japanese Government.
david chou
The Imperial General Headquarters, its Senior Commanders, and all ground, sea, air and auxiliary forces in the main islands of Japan, minor Islands adjacent thereto, Korea South of 38 degrees North latitude, Ryukyus, and the Philippines shall surrender to the Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Army Forces, Pacific.
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