no verb explicit in all of Ashtadhyayi

[Harmander Singh]

नमो सर्वेभ्यः

Incidentally, from last class's slide giving the analysis of words in Ashtadhyayi, it appears there is no explicit verb in the whole text!

[SL Abhyankar]

Mr. Harmander Singh !

In general, your guess is right, because, one can often construct sentences in Sanskrit without an explicit verb. That makes a Sanskrit sentence compact. सूत्रम् in particular is expected to be compact. That is the starting word in a श्लोक, which is sort of a definition of a सूत्रम् - स्वल्पाक्षरमसंदिग्धं सारवद्विश्वतो मुखम् / अस्तोभमनवद्यं च सूत्रं सूत्रविदो विदुः ॥

But somehow, though very few, there are explicit verbs in अष्टाध्यायी, e.g. प्रयच्छति गर्ह्यम् (4'4'30) सोममर्हति यः (4'4'137) - actually, quite a few in चतुर्थाध्यायस्य चतुर्थे पादे | 

[Tilak Rao]

In those sutras where the meaning of a term is defined or the meaning of a Pratyaya is defined there, verbs are mentioned explicitly.

[Harmander Singh]

This side issue came up from a slide in class 9 indicating the अष्टाध्यायी suutras were either avayavas or subantas.

श्रीपादवर्य thank you, you have given some examples of तिङन्ताः in suutras. I looked up their explanation but failed to understand whether the तिङन्ताः are being used as data in the suutras, or

as code. If they are data then the slide could still be accurate

and comprehensive. I have a lurking suspicion that this is the

case. Hope someone more in the know can address this.

Regards

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[Tilak Rao]

नमस्ते,

अष्टाध्याय्याम् उपपञ्चाशत् तिङन्तरूपाणि  प्रयुक्तानि वर्तते। तेषां प्रयोगः संज्ञानां निरूपणावसरे (तद्यथा कर्मणा यम् अभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् १/४/३२, अन्तर्धौ येन अदर्शनम् इच्छति १/४/२८ इत्यादिषु) प्रत्ययानाम् अर्थनिरूपणावसरे च (तद्यथा तेन दीव्यति खनति जयति जितम् ४/४/२, तरति ४/४/५, रक्षति ४/४/३३) च दृश्यते। मया विभक्तिम् अवलम्ब्य अर्थावगमनप्रकारः यः प्रदर्श्यते पाठे सः विशेषेण विधिसूत्रेषु अधिकारसूत्रेषु अतिदेशसूत्रेषु च दृश्यते। 

On Tuesday, May 8, 2018 at 3:45:36 PM UTC+5:30, Harmander Singh wrote:

[Harmander Singh]

स्पष्टीकरणं कृते धन्योऽस्मि 

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[SL Abhyankar]

नमस्ते हरमन्दर-सिंघ्-महोदय !

In the सूत्रम् - सोममर्हति यः (4'4'137) सोममर्हति is a complete sentence, an example sentence. It is an example sentence to explain use of the प्रत्यय यः, which seems to be a तद्धित प्रत्यय, helping to obtain an adjective सोम्य from the संज्ञा सोम. 

If one should consider सोममर्हति as being one example, are there other examples ?

Comes to mind the word धर्म्य in गीता. It is an adjective derived from the noun धर्म. Meaning of धर्म्य and in turn of the तद्धित प्रत्यय यः seems to be अस्य अस्ति इति

(1) सोमः अस्य अस्ति इति सोम्य

(2) धर्मः अस्य अस्ति इति धर्म्य

References in गीता about धर्म्य are - (1) धर्म्याद्धि युद्धाच्छ्रेयोऽन्यत् क्षत्रियस्य न विद्यते (2'31) - (2) अथ चेत्त्विमं धर्म्यं संग्रामं न करिष्यसि (2'33) - (3) अध्येष्यते च य इमं धर्म्यं संवादमावयोः (18'70) 

The प्रक्रिया here seems to be that ending अ of the respective प्रातिपदिक-s  सोम, धर्म, gets dropped and the तद्धित प्रत्यय य affixes to the consonant left after dropping of अ. (1) सोम => सोम् => सोम् + य = सोम्य (2) धर्म => धर्म् + य = धर्म्य 

I wonder whether गुण => गुण् + य = गुण्य also becomes a fitting example. Actually there is also a dhaatu गुण् and गुण्य can be its ण्यत्-कृदन्त. In Apte's dictionary I get गुण्य a. [गुण्-यत्] 1 Endowed with merits or virtues; गुण्यगुण्य इति न व्यजीगणत् Śi.14.47. -2 To be enumerated. -3 To be described or praised. -4 To be multiplied, the multiplicand. 

Looking at the different meanings in the dictionary, I think the meaning "endowed with merits" is similar to अस्य अस्ति इति. If so this meaning is more in accordance with this सूत्रम् - सोममर्हति यः (4'4'137) 

The other meanings "to be described or praised", to be multiplied, to be enumerated have passive voice inherent, which is an essential aspect of ण्यत्-कृदन्त. 

So the word गुण्य merits to be considered as having two व्युत्पत्ति-s - (1) as ण्यत् / यत्-कृदन्त (2) by सूत्रम् - सोममर्हति यः (4'4'137). Accordingly the different meanings. Sounds good ?

[Harmander Singh]

श्रीपादवर्य​

That appears to be too advanced for me, but I think it implies that

the तिङन्तः arhati is here used as suutra code rather than data. So

thanks for the explanation.

With my limited knowledge, the use of abhipraiti in the first example given by तिलकवर्यः

   कर्मणा यम् अभिप्रैति स सम्प्रदानम् १/४/३२  

put the matter beyond doubt for me.

Respects

HS

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