Ansible used the TEMP environment variable to determine the path to the temporary folder, so you can just type in
%TEMP% in Windows explorer to get there for the current user. When doing this through RDP you might be redirected to a folder called 1, 2, 3, ... but that's just an Explorer thing, you would have to move back 1 folder to be in the right location
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20110125-00/?p=11673.
In the default case it would be
C:\Users\ansibleuser\AppData\Local\Temp as Trond pointed out.
Thanks
Jordan