Why wouldn't you have a single repo in that case?
You can have multiple inventory folders under the playbooks e.g.
.├── roles < - common roles
│ ├── bar
│ └── foo
├── site.yml <- common playbooks
├── dev <- dev inventory
│ ├── group_vars
│ │ └── all
│ └── hosts
├── prod <- production inventory
│ ├── group_vars
│ │ └── all
│ └── hosts
└── staging <- staging inventory
├── group_vars
│ └── all
└── hosts
Then your jenkins play just checks out the repo and runs
ansible-playbook -i dev/ site.yml
(i.e. just switch the inventory to the right one).