Hi Tarsis,
Quick answer
If the column will be used as a Dimension, then add it in List Table Column.
If the column will be used as a Metric, then add it in List Sql Metric.
Both options are in Sources >> Tables >> Edit <some table>
Helpful info about Dimensions and Metrics.
Dimension means something that you cut or group data by - example: gender, product category, age bucket, etc.
Metric means something that you measure. Example: Count of pages hits, Count distinct users, Count distinct users divided by Count of page hits.
Cheers,
-Nitin