Hi Adam,
Refreshing of expired access tokens happens when the Credential object is instantiated in the client libraries. To better give you an idea of the process, first you will need to have a refresh token that is generated manually. Please note that due to a number of reasons, the refresh token may also expire or become invalid and you'll need to reauthorize the application and generate a new refresh token as stated
here.
Once your refresh token details have been provided in your configuration file, the client library will then automatically refresh any expired access tokens when Credential object is created. I hope this has been helpful.
Thanks and regards,
Peter
AdWords API Team