Fundamental difference between the nature of Mechanical, Chemical and Biological Systems

[Bhakti Niskama Shanta]

Fundamental difference between the nature of Mechanical, Chemical and Biological Systems

Sripad Bhakti Madhava Puri Maharaja, Ph.D.

Serving Director of Princeton Bhakti Vedanta Institute of Spiritual Culture and Science, NJ, USA

http://bviscs.org

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The unity of a mechanical system, like the solar system, made up of mechanical objects, is established externally in the form of a law, which reigns outside of and over the parts and by which the parts of the system are regulated. On the other hand, the unity of the chemical system is intrinsic to the parts, arising from their intrinsic natures. The ordered structure of a crystal is based on the nature of the constituent parts of a chemical system. Still, the parts of a chemical system retain their identity even apart from the interactive system, so that their initial and final states can be differentiated. In this sense the parts are both independent as well as dependent. For example, an acid and alkali can be isolated in different bottles and then added together to form a third substance - a neutral salt.

Those parts that can not be separated from a system without destroying it as a working system, can no longer be called parts but are participants or members of a dynamic whole. The participants are as essential to the whole as the whole is to the participants - this is the biological system or organism. Here we are removed from the stasis of fixed objects and are in the milieu of pure dynamical activity. Participants cannot be isolated from the whole in which they are participants and remain what they are. A DNA molecule can no more be what it is as a producer of protein molecules, than the protein molecules can be what they are as produced from the action of DNA, and producing the DNA. Each participant is cause and effect of every other participant, as Kant defined organism. Therefore nothing in an organism is without purpose, nor is the organism as a whole without purpose in the environment. Thus everything in the organism is both purpose [end] and means.

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