When economies are roaring along, aerosols, led by soot and sulfate ions, tend to brighten clouds. That helps them reflect the sun's heat back into space.
So with the absence of aerosols more sunlight fell on Earth. That made the planet slightly warmer, especially near industrial countries like the U.S. and Russia."
”In this work we have estimated the effects of COVID‐19 affected emissions changes in 2020. We use two ESMs with similar complexity of their cloud and aerosol schemes, but very different implementations. The two models, CESM and ECHAM‐HAM, yield very similar quantitative responses to the same emissions perturbations. The unique aspect of this study is we use simulations constrained by actual meteorology over 2020 to remove the effects of meteorological noise from the simulations. This results in the ability to find statistically significant changes much smaller than could be seen in observations (Diamond & Wood, 2020), and differs in that regard from previous work. The limitation of the study is to use one set of emissions perturbation estimates from Forster et al. (2020), though that estimate has been compared to observations.”
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