Massive unauthorized ocean fertilization experiment now underway
Tom Goreau
Massive unauthorized ocean fertilization experiment now underway!
Houthis sink ship loaded with ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
This is the stuff that blew up Beirut.
It’s effects on chlorophyll will tell us if a tanker full of fertilizer can “launch a new Ice Age”, as some claim:
UK-owned ship attacked by Houthis sinks off Yemen coast
2 hours ago
Share
By Lipika PelhamBBC News
BBC
The Rubymar is the first ship to have been sunk by the Houthis
A British-registered cargo ship has sunk two weeks after being attacked by Houthis in the Gulf of Aden.
Yemen's government said the Rubymar was drifting and taking on water for days before it sank.
It is the first ship to have been sunk by the Iran-backed rebels in Yemen since they began targeting vessels in the Red Sea.
The ship was reportedly carrying fertilisers and experts say the sinking risks "an environmental catastrophe".
The Rubymar was in the Gulf of Aden near the Bab al-Mandab Strait when it was hit by two missiles fired by Yemen-based Houthi rebels.
Ten days ago, the British government said that the vessel had been taking in water and all its 24 crew had been rescued.
The BBC obtained an image of the ship on 21 February, which showed it submerged at the stern, but still afloat.
The vessel's owners said at the time that it was being towed to nearby Djibouti but could yet sink. It said it was unable to confirm it had given there was no one aboard.
The vessel was flying under a Belize flag and operated by a Lebanese firm. It is believed to have been carrying a cargo of ammonium nitrate fertiliser.
The prime minister of Yemen's internationally recognised government, Ahmed Awad Bin Mubarak, called the ship's sinking "an unprecedented environmental disaster".
Greenpeace said a spill of ammonium nitrate could have "significant impacts on marine ecosystems".
Since November, the Houthi rebels have been carrying out attacks on ships linked to Israel in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, saying their actions are in support of the Palestinians in Gaza.
Source: Acled, December 2023
The US and the UK have carried out a series of attacks on Houthi targets inside Yemen in response.
On Saturday, the UK Maritime Trade body, UKMTO, said it had received a report of a ship being attacked west of Yemen's port of Mokha.
The UKMTO said: "The crew took the vessel to anchor and were evacuated by military authorities".
Separately, the UKMTO reported a ship sinking, close to where the Rubymar was last seen.
The US Central Command said it carried out "a self-defence strike" against a Houthi surface-to-air missile that was about to be launched from Yemen.
The command said the missile had presented an imminent threat to US aircraft.
The rebels' attacks on merchant vessels in the Red Sea have prompted many shipping companies to stop using the waterway, through which about 12% of global seaborne trade passes.
Despite more than a month of air strikes against Houthi targets by the US-led naval coalition, the rebels remain capable of carrying out significant attacks.
They insist the attacks will continue until Israel stops its military campaign against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
Anderson, Paul
It will be better if a statement about possible future CLIMATE impacts of this “experiment” are made by our experts on ocean fertilization instead of being left to speculative comments by media and the general public. Please post all such statements to our discussion groups.
Paul
Doc / Dr TLUD / Paul S. Anderson, PhD
Email: psan...@ilstu.edu Skype: paultlud Mobile & WhatsApp: 309-531-4434
Website: https://woodgas.com see Resources page for 2023 “Roadmap for Climate Intervention with Biochar” and 2020 white paper, 2) RoCC kilns, and 3) TLUD stove technology.
From: healthy-planet-...@googlegroups.com <healthy-planet-...@googlegroups.com>
On Behalf Of Tom Goreau
Sent: Saturday, March 2, 2024 1:14 PM
To: CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com> <carbondiox...@googlegroups.com>; healthy-planet-action-coalition <healthy-planet-...@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Michael MacCracken <mmac...@comcast.net>; robert...@gmail.com; Suzanne Reed <csuzann...@gmail.com>; H simmens <hsim...@gmail.com>
Subject: [HPAC] Massive unauthorized ocean fertilization experiment now underway
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Gregory Slater
On Mar 2, 2024, at 11:13 AM, Tom Goreau <gor...@globalcoral.org> wrote:
Massive unauthorized ocean fertilization experiment now underway!Houthis sink ship loaded with ammonium nitrate fertilizer.This is the stuff that blew up Beirut.It’s effects on chlorophyll will tell us if a tanker full of fertilizer can “launch a new Ice Age”, as some claim:UK-owned ship attacked by Houthis sinks off Yemen coast2 hours agoShareBy Lipika PelhamBBC News
<image001.png>BBC
The Rubymar is the first ship to have been sunk by the HouthisA British-registered cargo ship has sunk two weeks after being attacked by Houthis in the Gulf of Aden.Yemen's government said the Rubymar was drifting and taking on water for days before it sank.It is the first ship to have been sunk by the Iran-backed rebels in Yemen since they began targeting vessels in the Red Sea.The ship was reportedly carrying fertilisers and experts say the sinking risks "an environmental catastrophe".The Rubymar was in the Gulf of Aden near the Bab al-Mandab Strait when it was hit by two missiles fired by Yemen-based Houthi rebels.Ten days ago, the British government said that the vessel had been taking in water and all its 24 crew had been rescued.The BBC obtained an image of the ship on 21 February, which showed it submerged at the stern, but still afloat.The vessel's owners said at the time that it was being towed to nearby Djibouti but could yet sink. It said it was unable to confirm it had given there was no one aboard.The vessel was flying under a Belize flag and operated by a Lebanese firm. It is believed to have been carrying a cargo of ammonium nitrate fertiliser.The prime minister of Yemen's internationally recognised government, Ahmed Awad Bin Mubarak, called the ship's sinking "an unprecedented environmental disaster".Greenpeace said a spill of ammonium nitrate could have "significant impacts on marine ecosystems".Since November, the Houthi rebels have been carrying out attacks on ships linked to Israel in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, saying their actions are in support of the Palestinians in Gaza.
<image002.png>
Source: Acled, December 2023The US and the UK have carried out a series of attacks on Houthi targets inside Yemen in response.On Saturday, the UK Maritime Trade body, UKMTO, said it had received a report of a ship being attacked west of Yemen's port of Mokha.The UKMTO said: "The crew took the vessel to anchor and were evacuated by military authorities".Separately, the UKMTO reported a ship sinking, close to where the Rubymar was last seen.The US Central Command said it carried out "a self-defence strike" against a Houthi surface-to-air missile that was about to be launched from Yemen.The command said the missile had presented an imminent threat to US aircraft.The rebels' attacks on merchant vessels in the Red Sea have prompted many shipping companies to stop using the waterway, through which about 12% of global seaborne trade passes.Despite more than a month of air strikes against Houthi targets by the US-led naval coalition, the rebels remain capable of carrying out significant attacks.They insist the attacks will continue until Israel stops its military campaign against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
Tom Goreau
You’d have to pay Houthis “protection money”, for CDR to be monitored with sediment traps.
Satellite chlorophyll may be all we have, not sure if that is available in near real time?
Jeff Suchon
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Gregory Slater
Tom Goreau
Wouldn’t you have guessed? The Bab el Mandeb is a black hole in the “near real time satellite maps”! So we’ll not know for a LONG time if they start an Ice Age in Yemen.
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
“When you run to the rocks, the rocks will be melting, when you run to the sea, the sea will be boiling”, Peter Tosh, Jamaica’s greatest song writer
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/healthy-planet-action-coalition/BY3PR13MB49949C1C06FF91360FE69EA9DD5D2%40BY3PR13MB4994.namprd13.prod.outlook.com.
Jeff Suchon
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Greg Rau
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Jeff Suchon
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Tom Goreau
There’s strong vertical stratification in the Bab el Mandeb and a complex pattern of seasonal mixing depending on whether water is flowing from the Red Sea or from the Gulf of Aden.
So without direct measurements of carbon and nitrogen transformations in the water it’ll be very hard to figure out where all this ammonium nitrate will end up, or if Martin was right that sinking a tanker full of iron as well as nitrogen will trigger re-glaciation of Greenland and Antarctica.:
Remote Sensing the Phytoplankton Seasonal Succession of the Red Sea
· Dionysios E. Raitsos ,
· Yaswant Pradhan ,
· Robert J. W. Brewin,
· Georgiy Stenchikov,
· Ibrahim Hoteit
- Published: June 5, 2013
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064909
Abstract
The Red Sea holds one of the most diverse marine ecosystems, primarily due to coral reefs. However, knowledge on large-scale phytoplankton dynamics is limited. Analysis of a 10-year high resolution Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) dataset, along with remotely-sensed sea surface temperature and wind, provided a detailed description of the spatiotemporal seasonal succession of phytoplankton biomass in the Red Sea. Based on MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data, four distinct Red Sea provinces and seasons are suggested, covering the major patterns of surface phytoplankton production. The Red Sea Chl-a depicts a distinct seasonality with maximum concentrations seen during the winter time (attributed to vertical mixing in the north and wind-induced horizontal intrusion of nutrient-rich water in the south), and minimum concentrations during the summer (associated with strong seasonal stratification). The initiation of the seasonal succession occurs in autumn and lasts until early spring. However, weekly Chl-a seasonal succession data revealed that during the month of June, consistent anti-cyclonic eddies transfer nutrients and/or Chl-a to the open waters of the central Red Sea. This phenomenon occurs during the stratified nutrient depleted season, and thus could provide an important source of nutrients to the open waters. Remotely-sensed synoptic observations highlight that Chl-a does not increase regularly from north to south as previously thought. The Northern part of the Central Red Sea province appears to be the most oligotrophic area (opposed to southern and northern domains). This is likely due to the absence of strong mixing, which is apparent at the northern end of the Red Sea, and low nutrient intrusion in comparison with the southern end. Although the Red Sea is considered an oligotrophic sea, sporadic blooms occur that reach mesotrophic levels. The water temperature and the prevailing winds control the nutrient concentrations within the euphotic zone and enable the horizontal transportation of nutrients.
Brian Cady
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/CarbonDioxideRemoval/406666866.212170.1709421676792%40mail.yahoo.com.
Tom Goreau
Satellite chlorophyll maps don’t show signs of massive blooms after sinking a rusty steel tanker full of ammonium nitrate.
Note the area is chock full of wind-blown iron dust from the Sahara and Arabia.
This does not appear promising for Ocean Fertilization CDR?
Thomas J. F. Goreau, PhD
President, Global Coral Reef Alliance
Chief Scientist, Blue Regeneration SL
President, Biorock Technology Inc.
Technical Advisor, Blue Guardians Programme, SIDS DOCK
37 Pleasant Street, Cambridge, MA 02139
gor...@globalcoral.org
www.globalcoral.org
Skype: tomgoreau
Tel: (1) 617-864-4226 (leave message)
Books:
Geotherapy: Innovative Methods of Soil Fertility Restoration, Carbon Sequestration, and Reversing CO2 Increase
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466595392
Innovative Methods of Marine Ecosystem Restoration
http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466557734
Geotherapy: Regenerating ecosystem services to reverse climate change
No one can change the past, everybody can change the future
It’s much later than we think, especially if we don’t think
Those with their heads in the sand will see the light when global warming and sea level rise wash the beach away
“When you run to the rocks, the rocks will be melting, when you run to the sea, the sea will be boiling”, Peter Tosh, Jamaica’s greatest song writer
Tom Goreau
To be sure it will be a mystery until one is able to dive on the site to see, not soon under the current conditions!
From:
David Price <da...@pricenet.ca>
Date: Sunday, March 31, 2024 at 11:52
AM
To: Tom Goreau <gor...@globalcoral.org>
Cc: CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com <CarbonDiox...@googlegroups.com>, healthy-planet-action-coalition <healthy-planet-...@googlegroups.com>, Michael MacCracken <mmac...@comcast.net>, robert...@gmail.com <robert...@gmail.com>,
Suzanne Reed <csuzann...@gmail.com>, H simmens <hsim...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [HPAC] No blooms after massive unauthorized ocean fertilization experiment now underway
It’s not really a good analogy to “an experiment”! The entire load presumably went down with the ship. It won’t all have
leaked out yet (assuming the damage is allowing it to leak—which I’m guessing nobody knows!). In the immediate vicinity of the ship, if is leaking, the concentrations could be highly superoptimal—and quite possibly toxic to all marine life—within a few hundred meters of the ship’s location.
Moreover, most of it is going to be leaking at depth—conceivably where seawater is not mixing rapidly and where light levels are too low for abundant phytoplankton growth.
Not saying I am in favour of OIF or not: just I think we have to treat this with a fair amount of skepticism.
David
From my cellphone
I acknowledge that I reside on unceded Traditional Territory
of the Secwépemc People
On 31 Mar 2024, at 08:27, Tom Goreau <gor...@globalcoral.org> wrote:
<image001.png>
BBC
The Rubymar is the first ship to have been sunk by the Houthis
A British-registered cargo ship has sunk two weeks after being attacked by Houthis in the Gulf of Aden.
Yemen's government said the Rubymar was drifting and taking on water for days before it sank.
It is the first ship to have been sunk by the Iran-backed rebels in Yemen since they began targeting vessels in the Red Sea.
The ship was reportedly carrying fertilisers and experts say the sinking risks "an environmental catastrophe".
The Rubymar was in the Gulf of Aden near the Bab al-Mandab Strait when it was hit by two missiles fired by Yemen-based Houthi rebels.
Ten days ago, the British government said that the vessel had been taking in water and all its 24 crew had been rescued.
The BBC obtained an image of the ship on 21 February, which showed it submerged at the stern, but still afloat.
The vessel's owners said at the time that it was being towed to nearby Djibouti but could yet sink. It said it was unable to confirm it had given there was no one aboard.
The vessel was flying under a Belize flag and operated by a Lebanese firm. It is believed to have been carrying a cargo of ammonium nitrate fertiliser.
The prime minister of Yemen's internationally recognised government, Ahmed Awad Bin Mubarak, called the ship's sinking "an unprecedented environmental disaster".
Greenpeace said a spill of ammonium nitrate could have "significant impacts on marine ecosystems".
Since November, the Houthi rebels have been carrying out attacks on ships linked to Israel in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, saying their actions are in support of the Palestinians in Gaza.
<image002.png>
Source: Acled, December 2023
The US and the UK have carried out a series of attacks on Houthi targets inside Yemen in response.
On Saturday, the UK Maritime Trade body, UKMTO, said it had received a report of a ship being attacked west of Yemen's port of Mokha.
The UKMTO said: "The crew took the vessel to anchor and were evacuated by military authorities".
Separately, the UKMTO reported a ship sinking, close to where the Rubymar was last seen.
The US Central Command said it carried out "a self-defence strike" against a Houthi surface-to-air missile that was about to be launched from Yemen.
The command said the missile had presented an imminent threat to US aircraft.
The rebels' attacks on merchant vessels in the Red Sea have prompted many shipping companies to stop using the waterway, through which about 12% of global seaborne trade passes.
Despite more than a month of air strikes against Houthi targets by the US-led naval coalition, the rebels remain capable of carrying out significant attacks.
They insist the attacks will continue until Israel stops its military campaign against Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
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Brian Cady
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Michael Hayes
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Tom Goreau
Probably nitrogen and phosphorus.
From:
Brian Cady <brianc...@gmail.com>
Date: Sunday, March 31, 2024 at 4:32
PM
Tom Goreau
No its not hypersaline at all, there is strong wind driven mixing across the shallow sill between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean via the Gulf of Aden.
The incoming surface water from GA has an average salinity of 36.5psu and an average temperature of 26{28C while the lower layer outflow of the Red Sea deep water has an average salinity of 40.5psu and an average temperature of 21.5C.
Michael Hayes
Tom Goreau
During the Ice Ages the Red Sea was cut off from the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea became saltier, but not by very much:
Red Sea outflow during the last glacial maximum
E.J. Rohling ∗, W.J. Zachariasse †
Show more
https://doi.org/10.1016/1040-6182(95)00023-CGet rights and content
Abstract
The Red Sea is connected to the Gulf of Aden, and hence to the Arabian Sea, via the Strait of Bab-el-Mandab, which is only about 20 km wide and 300 m deep. The shallowest part of the passage, however, lies about 140 km further basin-inward, near greater Hanish Island. That passage is only 137 m deep, while the channel deeper than 120 m is only 11 km wide. Foraminiferal and isotopic studies suggest that the inflow-outflow salinity contrast at Bab-el-Mandab was about 10‰ during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), compared with 3.1‰ at present. Calculation of maximal outflow during the LGM suggests that it was about 14% of the present-day value, while the density of this outflow was around 1035 kg m−3, compared to the modern value of about 1029 kg m−3. Therefore, it seems very likely that this outflow played no role of importance in the intermediate water ventilation of the Arabian Sea during the LGM. The Persian Gulf influence on this ventilation may be excluded as well, since the very shallow Persian Gulf was completely above sea level during the LGM. It is anticipated that, among other influences, LGM curtailment of these sources for intermediate depth ventilation should be reflected in the intensity and extent of the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) in the Arabian Sea. Other sources may have become important, such as northward penetration of Antarctic Intermediate Water. The Institute for Paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate Utrecht has recently participated in the 1992 Netherlands Indian Ocean Expedition, with the intention to determine Late Quaternary variations in the intensity and extent of the Arabian Sea OMZ in transects of cores recovered across its lower dept limit.
Tom Goreau
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/healthy-planet-action-coalition/BY3PR13MB4994A5D635F81B0150D96734DD382%40BY3PR13MB4994.namprd13.prod.outlook.com.
