Thanks for the info. Unresolved problems bug me, and I am glad you are helping to try to solve this one.
I can't explain why or how this is happening (yet). It is interesting, however, that what is says is "missing" -- "fr_CA.lproj" -- is not a file, but is a symbolic link to a folder (the "fr.lproj"). So I'm not sure if codesign is saying that it is the link that is missing, or the folder that the link points to. (The link and the folder have to do with localizing to French Canadian and to French, respectively.)
Either way, I think the message is wrong: I doubt that the actual link or folder is missing unless you have used some program that removes extra languages from your programs or something like that. (Such programs used to be used to make programs smaller, back when disk space was at a premium, but they break the digital signatures of modern applications, so they aren't used much any more.) I think what is happening is some kind of cache bug in OS X, or something like that is making codesign think that it is missing. Another possibility is that the permissions have somehow been modified so that codesign cannot "see" "fr_CA.lproj".
Is your Mac set up with English as the primary language (in System Preferences)? Or have you done anything that might have to do with languages? (Selected French or French Canadian as a language, perhaps?)
It would help if you copy/paste the following two commands in Terminal (each command is all on one line) and reply with the output:
sudo codesign --deep -vv /Applications/Tunnelblick.app
and
sudo ls -l -R /Applications/Tunnelblick.app/Contents/Frameworks/Sparkle.framework/Versions/Current/Resources
Note: You will asked for your password for the first command. Type it in (nothing, not even asterisks, will appear as you type), then press the enter/return key. Terminal "remembers" the password for a few minutes, so you won't have to type it in for the second command.
The first command checks the code signature while running as "root", so if the problem is with permissions, it should succeed. The second command will list the files and their ownership and permissions so we can see what is missing (if anything is missing) or what has incorrect permissions (if anything has incorrect permissions).