On Thu, 27 Feb 2014 20:12:32 GMT, Nick Roberts
<
tig...@orpheusinternet.co.uk> wrote:
>In message <
ho8sg9p1ai31iv01k...@4ax.com>
> James Beck <
jdbec...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>> On Wed, 19 Feb 2014 22:18:06 -0800 (PST), Burkhard
>> <
b.sc...@ed.ac.uk> wrote:
>> >On Thursday, February 20, 2014 6:35:05 AM UTC+1, Michael Siemon wrote:
>> >> In article <le40jt$k2a$
2...@dont-email.me>,
>> >> Mitchell Coffey <
mitchel...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> >> > On 2/19/2014 11:02 PM, Michael Siemon wrote:
>> >> > > In article <
0is9g9tfrsu4norgk...@4ax.com>,
>> >> > > James Beck <
jdbec...@yahoo.com> wrote:
[snip]
>> True, but overly complicated. I'll come back to it below. In
>> Civilization Clark attributed something to Christianity that it never
>> claimed for itself. After all, early Christianity (especially
>> Gelasius) invented the notion of separation of church from the royal
>> estates, splitting spiritual from civil interest. The estates that
>> developed into the modern state looked after the body and property.
>> Care for the soul was a separate power from a very early on in the
>> history of organized Christianity.
>
>I'm not sure I'd accept that early Christianity divorced itself from
>civil interest (unless I'm misunderstanding your point, which is quite
>possible).
Interesting. Doesn't your common sense tell you that the leaders of a
persecuted religion would have at least pretended to have no interest
in civil matters? In any event, the statements of the early church
fathers are part of the historical record.
>Roman Catholocism circa 11th/12th/13th century was very much into
>political power.
That's eventually true, yes. However, other than the excommunication
of Emperor Theodosius for the unjust Massacre of Thessaloniki in the
4th century the early church steered clear of overt politics.
Politically the issue of separation concerned whether the church would
absorb the civil authority, become a vassal to it, or remain an
independent spiritual authority.
As King of the Romans Henry III attempted to "reform the church" by
forcing it to become his vassal. That was opposed by, among others,
Cardinal Bishop Humbert of Moyenmoutier, who called for a return to
the traditional emancipation of the Church from the control of the
secular power and for the free election of the pope. Hildebrand, a
follower of Humbert, became pope in 1073 taking the name Gregory VII.
Following attempts by Henry IV to force the church into his service
and an exchange of harsh correspondence, Gregory VII excommunicated
Henry and all of the bishops he had appointed. In addition, he took
the further step of absolving all of Henry's vassals of their
obligations to serve him. That had the effect of cutting Henry's lands
and power base in half. Henry relented in 1077. Against the advice of
his bishops, who thought that Henry would fail to honor any agreement
he might make with the church, Gregory VII absolved Henry. A long
period of civil war ensued.
In supporting Rudolph of Rheinfeldin in the Great Saxon Revolt,
Gregory overplayed his hand. His second excommunication of Henry in
1080 was interpreted as the political move it was and some of Henry's
former allies rejoined him rather than being picked off one by one.
Gregory VII survived as pope until his death in 1085, saved by the
advance of Robert Guiscard. Otto of Ostia became pope as Urban II in
the same year. With Norman support (Pope Alexander II had ratified the
Norman Conquest of England) Urban II excommunicated Henry IV again.
Henry was ex'ed yet again by Pope Paschal II. Henry's son, the future
Henry V rebelled against his father. Henry IV was deposed, then
reinstated, and finally died in 1106.
Alternate Timeline:
It's also possible that the Pope Alexander II set the chain of events
in motion by excommunicating Harold II of England prior to the 1066
invasions of Harald Hardrada (Norway) and William the Conqueror,
thereby pissing off the Saxons. In that case, it would be the church
that played the secular card first and provoked the reform movement
pushed by Henry IV.
It's also possible to argue that the church made a grab for secular
power as soon as it could. Its position was much stronger following
the division of Charlemagne's kingdom among his grandchildren.
>When King John annoyed Innocent III, the Pope
>supported Philip of France's plans to invade England - until John
>arranged to hold England as a vassal of the Pope, and suddenly
>Innocent told Philip to back off.
>Not a whole lot of case for the soul there.
>
>Plus, of course, the Church claimed for a long time that any monk or
>priest who was accused of a crime could only he tried by Church
>authorities, not civil ones, which effectively put them in the position
>of a separate state.
Superficially this sounds like a toughie. It's not really, but people
do like to claim it. At the discretion of the secular authority,
benefit of clergy (BoC) could be offered to any sufficiently literate
person who was willing to tonsure their hair. If granted it could
protect an offender from the state imposition of torture or capital
punishment. On the other hand...
Religious sanctuary wasn't free for lay offenders. Asylum seekers paid
their own way in addition to making restitution ('bot'). The state
permitted and even chartered sanctuary as a way to limit vigilante
justice and blood feuds. In effect sanctuary amounted to a form of
exile. By the 12th and 13th centuries abjuration, basically a plea of
no contest, meant permanent exile, the loss of all property, and
branding. The church did not as a rule turn people over to the secular
authority, but couldn't stop it from burning churches, from starving
the criminals out, or from entering the church and seizing them by
force.
Further, the Medieval church did not shield clerics in the way
implied. In fact, they were not only legally barred from abjuration,
but also they were compelled to surrender to the secular authorities
for all secular crimes. Under BoC the secular authority could then
remand offenders to the ecclesiastical court. Ecclesiastical penance
might have been better than torture and death, but it was no picnic.
By contrast, what the modern church did is much more heinous. They
knowingly shielded serial child molesters from secular justice by
concealing their identities and moving them to new posts, as well as,
by paying off/intimidating the victims. Nothing remotely like that
sort of shady dealing was sanctioned in the Middle Ages.
Instead a felonious cleric would have a limited set of options.
1) Abandon vows. Flee to church/chartered sanctuary. Make restitution.
2) Abandon vows. Flee to church/chartered sanctuary. Choose abjuration
and accept permanent exile, loss of property, and branding.
3) Maintain vows. Submit to secular authority and hope for BoC.
4) Run for it. Hope to avoid the angry family and the authorities.
Keeping in mind that most of the kids in a monastery school would not
have been Dickensian orphans and, given modern mores, I wouldn't bet
on the cleric's chances.