Bhavan’s Balabodha – Lessons 1 to 3
Simplest sentence in any language is a single-word sentence, such as ‘Go’ गच्छ.
We need words to be able to express ourselves in any language.
In Sanskrit words are primarily of 3 types.
In the single-word sentence ‘Go’ the single word is a verb क्रियापदम् . The verb ‘Go’ is in the imperative mood आज्ञार्थ. Sentences in imperative mood are usually short, simple sentences. Hence we shall first learn making sentences in the imperative mood आज्ञार्थ.
The subject in the imperative mood आज्ञार्थ is ‘You’ त्वम्.
Words from Lesson 1 प्रथमः पाठः
In the text-book a glossary of words is given. Here the same glossary is tabulated by sorting the words by different types.
No. | Masculine Noun पुंल्लिङ्गि नाम | Neuter Noun नपुंसकलिङ्गि नाम | Feminine Noun स्त्रीलिङ्गि नाम | Pronoun सर्वनाम | Adjective विशेषणम् | Adverb, Conjunction, Auxiliary to verb अव्ययम् | Verb (Verbal root) Imperative क्रियापदम् (धातु) आज्ञार्थ |
1 | पाठ lesson | पत्र letter | त्वम् you | एक one | न no, not | (पठ् to read) पठ | |
2 | पुस्तक book | मधुर sweet | मा no, not | (लिख् to write) लिख | |||
3 | अक्षर letter of alphabet | स्वच्छ clean | (पा to drink) पिब | ||||
4 | जल water | प्रथम first | |||||
5 | दुग्ध milk | ||||||
6 | घृत ghee |
1. Read and translate following sentences
१ त्वं पत्रं पठ = ———- ——— ———-
२ त्वं पत्रं लिख = ———- ——— ———-
३ त्वं दुग्धं पिब = ———- ——— ———-
४ त्वं एकं पत्रं पठ = ———- ——— ———- ———
५ त्वं एकं पत्रं लिख = ———- ——— ———- ———
६ त्वं मधुरं दुग्धं पिब = ———- ——— ———- ———
2. Rewrite filling the blanks with proper words
१ त्वं ——– जलं ——– |
२ त्वं ——– पुस्तकं ——— |
३ त्वं पत्रं ——– |
४ एकं पुस्तकं —— |
५ त्वं ——– घृतं ———— |
3. Translate into Sanskrit
1 You write clear alphabets
2 Do not write a letter
3 Do not read a book
4 Drink sweet milk
5 Read a book
4. Make sentences using words from different columns in the table below.
Make both affirmative and negative sentences using/not using words in fourth column.
त्वम् | एकम् मधुरम् स्वच्छम् | पत्रम् दुग्धम् जलम् घृतम् पुस्तकम् | मा न | पिब लिख पठ |
One can and should practise composing and translating (both ways – English to Sanskrit and vice versa) any number of sentences.
Words from Lesson 2 द्वितीयः पाठः
Masculine Noun पुंल्लिङ्गि नाम | Neuter Noun नपुंसक लिङ्गि नाम | Feminine Noun स्त्रीलिङ्गि नाम | Pronoun सर्वनाम | Adjective विशेषणम् | Adverb, Conjunction, Auxiliary to verb अव्ययम् | Verb क्रियापदम् (धातु) आज्ञा र्थ |
7 | अभ्यास study, practice | ओदन boiled rice | अलस lazy | अत्र here | (खेल् to play) खेल | ||
8 | व्यायाम exercise | गृह house, home | द्वितीय second | तत्र there | (कृ to do, to work) कुरु | ||
9 | मोदक sweet ball | मोदक sweetmeat | मोदक pleasing, tasting sweet | शीघ्रम् fast | (गम् to go) गच्छ | ||
10 | उद्यान garden | सत्वरम् immediately | (आ + गम् to come) आगच्छ | ||||
11 | भोजन meal | अपि also | (खाद् to eat) खाद | ||||
12 | कार्य work, job, task | च and | (क्रीड् to play) क्रीड | ||||
13 | प्रतिदिनम् everyday | (भू to be, to exist) भव | |||||
14 | प्रथम first | प्रथमम् first | |||||
15 | पश्चात् later, from behind |
Read and translate following sentences
१ तत्र क्रीड = ———- ——— ———-
२ त्वं अत्र खेल = ———- ——— ———-
३ कार्यं कुरु = ———- ——— ———-
४ अलसः मा भव = ———- ——— ———-
५ तत्र शीघ्रं गच्छ = ———- ——— ———-
६ अत्र आगच्छ = ———- ———
७ प्रथमं व्यायामं कुरु = ———- ——— ———-
८ पश्चात् भोजनं कुरु = ———- ——— ———-
९ मोदकं खाद = ———- ———
१० ओदनं अपि खाद = ———- ——— ———-
११ उद्यानं गच्छ = ———- ——— ———-
१२ गृहं सत्वरं आगच्छ = ———- ——— ———-
More Exercise from Lessons 1 and 2
1 | You read letter | |
2 | You write a letter | |
3 | You drink milk | |
4 | Do not read a book | |
5 | त्वम् एकं पत्रं पठ | |
6 | त्वं एकं पत्रं लिख | |
7 | त्वं मधुरं दुग्धं पिब | |
8 | सत्वरं अत्र आगच्छ | |
9 | Don’t be lazy | |
10 | Go there fast | |
11 | You drink clean water | |
12 | Eat boiled rice also | |
13 | प्रथमं व्यायामं कुरु | |
14 | ओदनं अपि खाद | |
15 | पश्चात् भोजनं कुरु | |
16 | उद्यानं गच्छ तत्र खेल च |
One can and should practise composing and translating (both ways – English to Sanskrit and vice versa) any number of sentences.
Words from Lesson 3 तृतीयः पाठः
Masculine Noun पुंल्लिङ्गि नाम | Neuter Noun नपुंसक लिङ्गि नाम | Feminine Noun स्त्रीलिङ्गि नाम | Pronoun सर्वनाम | Adjective विशेषणम् | Adverb, Conjunction, Auxiliary to verb अव्ययम् | Verb क्रियापदम् (धातु) आज्ञा र्थ | |
16 | सूर्य sun | यान cart | किम् what, who | तृतीय third | पुनः again | ||
17 | सत्य truth | दुर्बल weak | इदानीम् now | ||||
18 | तदानीम् then | ||||||
19 | उपरि above | ||||||
20 | पुरस्तात् in the front | ||||||
21 | अधस्तात् down, from below | ||||||
.Exercises –
1. Translate into Sanskrit
One can and should practise composing and translating (both ways – English to Sanskrit and vice versa) any number of sentences.
More sentences (Translate into Sanskrit) from Question paper of Feb 2008 examination –
More sentences (Translate into Sanskrit) from Question paper of Feb 2012 examination –
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