The HTML attributes you're seeing are part of the template in the source code. It mentions the following comment regarding the use of the 'crossorigin' attribute:
// @see https://github.com/w3c/preload/issues/32 regarding crossorigin
In that GitHub issue, the use of 'anonymous' is discussed, but I don't seem to understand the details of this.
It makes sense to me to explicitly fetch fonts anonymously (ie. without cookies or other credentials), but wouldn't it also put up a burden for those who will have a simple authenticating reverse proxy installed which simply restricts '/' on the Gerrit site? Hmm, well, as you mentioned in your post, already another resource (script) is marked anonymously for CORS and that would work the same way.
If we agree on that it is 'broken' currently, please file a bug report and we can (easily) solve this. I'm not aware of any way to override the main HTML page as a site-local configuration, but others may know a way.
FWIW - I checked the situation on stable-2.15 and master and it's unchanged (just the font itself has been replaced by Roboto).