1. Use 16bp (8+8) of the combined forward + reverse barcode.
2. Use forward + reverse. split_libraries_fastq.py will not try to handle different orientations of your barcodes. If you do indeed have random orientations you will have to try all 4 combinations of the forward + reverse, forward (reverse complement) + reverse, forward + reverse (reverse complemented), forward (reverse complemented) + reverse (reverse complemented).
To handle the orientation of the reads, did you use the --attempt_read_reorientation option with extract_barcodes.py? If not, I'd suggest going back and running that. See
http://qiime.org/scripts/extract_barcodes.html for more details about the requirements in the mapping file.
3. No, split_libraries_fastq.py expects the barcode to be a single barcode in the barcodes file specified by the -b parameter.