The thread pool is created on demand:
$ UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE=10 out/Release/node
>
From another shell:
$ ps -Lef | grep '[n]ode' | wc -l
2
Now kick off something that uses the thread pool:
> require('fs').readFile('/etc/motd', function() { })
And now the threads are there:
$ ps -Lef | grep '[n]ode' | wc -l
12