Trewia nudiflora
Pravin Kawale
Trewia nudiflora .
Location: Kanakeshwar,Alibag MS
Date/Time: 10 Mar,2010 9.00 am
Family : Euphorbiaceae
CommonName :Petari
Habit : Tree
Habitat : Moist Deciduous Forest
Description :
Male flowers sepals valvate; pedicels slender. Female flowers sepals
imbricate, caducous.
Plant Type: Deciduous
Bark/Stem Surface: Smooth
Leaf Arrangement: Opposite
Leaf Shape : Ovate
Leaf Margin: Entire
Leaf Surface : Glabrous
Inflorescence: Raceme
Flower Type : Dioecious
Stamen : Numerous
Flowering Month: December - March
Fruit Shape : Globose
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JM Garg
Tapas Chakrabarty
Trevia nudiflora L., Sp. Pl. 1193. 1753; Müll.Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 953. 1866; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 423. 1887. Mallotus nudiflorus (L.) Kulju & Welzen, Blumea 52: 124. 2007
Asm.: Bhel-kol, Kenlo, Pithakuma-kendlow; Beng.: Paringambhar, Pitali; Garo: Arurong, Boinokhap, Bol-diktak, Joingheia; Hindi: Bhillaru, Gambhar, Pindara, Tumri; Kan.: Kaadukayi, Katkumbala; Kh.: Dieng-soh-lyndot; Lep.: Thungplam; Mal.: Kattu-kumi, Mala-kumi, Pambara-kumbil; Mar.: Petari; Nep.: Aule-kapase, Belar, Gamari, Garum, Kurong, Pitali, Ramrita; Or.: Monda, Pithaliya-panijambhar; Tam.: Annathuvarei, Attarasu, Attu-puvarasu, Raypkunul; Tel.: Eruponaku; Urdu: Mondu.
Trees, dioecious, deciduous, 7 - 20 m tall. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate to deltoid, truncate or cordate at base, entire or dentate along margins, acuminate to cuspidate at apex, 6 - 20 x 3 - 15 cm, chartaceous, glabrous above, velutinous beneath; basal nerves 3; lateral nerves 3 - 6 pairs; petioles of each node unequal, 3 - 10 cm long; stipules linear, 2 – 4 x 1 – 2 mm, caducous. Inflorescences precocious. Male flowers: greenish, in 2 or 3-flowered clusters on axillary or terminal lax pendulous 8 - 16 cm long racemes; bracts ovate-lanceolate, ca 3 mm across; pedicels 3 - 5 mm long; sepals 3 or 4, ovate, concave, 3.5 - 6 x 2 - 4 mm; stamens 20 - 25; filaments free, 1.5 - 2.5 mm long; anthers oblong, 1 - 1.5 x 0.5 - 0.7 mm. Female flowers: axillary, solitary or in 5 - 15 cm long stout racemes; pedicels 5 - 9 mm long; sepals 3 - 5, broadly ovate, 4 - 5 mm long, densely woolly tomentose outside, caducous; ovary 3 - 5-loculed, 3 - 4 mm across, tomentose; styles 3 - 5, shortly connate at base, 1.5 - 3 cm long. Fruits 2 - 5-loculed, ovoid to subglobose, 1 - 3.5 cm across, shallowly lobed, dehiscent or apparently indehiscent, fleshy, becoming woody with thick or thin pericarp, densely pubescent to glabrous; seeds 3 - 5, globose to ovoid, 0.5 - 1.3 cm across.
KEY TO THE VARIETIES
1a. Leaves, inflorescences and fruits glabrous 2
b. Leaves, inflorescences and fruits tomentose or pubescent 3
2a. Fruits 2 - 3.5 cm across, with very thick pericarp 1.2. var. nudiflora
b. Fruits 1 - 1.5 cm across, with very thin pericarp 1.3. var. polycarpa
3a. Branchlets densely flocculent-cottony or woolly-tomentose; leaves entire along margins; fruits 2 - 3 cm across, densely white-cottony tomentose 1.4. var. tomentosa
b. Branchlets softly pubescent; leaves dentate along margins; fruits 1.5 - 1.8 cm across, yellow pubescent 1.1. var. dentata
1.1. var. dentata Susila & N.P.Balakr. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 22: 352, f. 4. 1998.
Fl. & Fr. March - Sept.
Distrib. India: Evergreen florets, along riverbanks and stream sides, up to 1200 m altitude. Maharashtra.
Endemic.
1.2. var. nudiflora Fig. 29
Fl. & Fr. Feb. - Aug.
Distrib. India: Tropical and subtropical forests, often along riverbanks and stream sides, up to 1000 m altitude. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan. Bangladesh, Myanmar, S. China, Indo-china, Thailand to Malesia.
Uses. Leaves are used as cattle fodder. Wood soft, used for carving, planking, in match industry, packing cases and plywood.
The fruit pulp is sweet and edible.
Notes. Chromosome number: 2n = 22 (Bhaduri & Kar, Proc. Indian Sci. Congr. 36th Session, Part 3: 140. 1949; Datta, Taxon 16: 341 - 350. 1967; Hans, Taxon 22: 591 - 636. 1973).
The leaves are similar to those of Gmelina arborea.
1.3. var. polycarpa (Benth.) Susila & N.P.Balakr. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 22: 351, f. 2. 1998. Trevia polycarpa Benth. in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 318. 1880; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 424. 1887, p. p. Mallotus polycarpus (Benth.) Kulju & Welzen, Blumea 52: 130. 2007.
Kan.: Bomvaro, Tumri; Mal.: Pambara-kumbil; Mar.: Petari; Tam.: Anathuvarei, Kaanji, Raajni.
Fl. & Fr. Mar. - Oct.
Distrib. India: In evergreen forests, along hill slopes and river and stream banks, up to 1200 m altitude. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Very common in N. Kanara in Karnataka and Goa.
Endemic.
1.4. var. tomentosa Susila & N.P.Balakr. in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 22: 351, f.3. 1998.
Fl. & Fr. Jan. - July.
Distrib. India: Evergreen or semievergreen forests, up to 1200 m altitude. Sikkim, West Bengal, Tripura, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indo-china and Thailand.
Tapas Chakrabarty.
