"With GWT", yes; but not with GWT-RPC (just like you couldn't do it with SOAP WebServices // granted, you can use a SOAP extension to attach files to SOAP messages, but still).
Either you use GWT-RPC and then the server has to generate the file on a temporary storage (could be in-memory / in-session) and sends an URL back to the client, and then the client can download that file at the given URL.
Or you use a FormPanel to communicate with the server.
The first method works best if the generated file could be displayed in the browser (right away or using a plugin; such as plain text, PDF, MS Word, etc.), so I'd recommend it over the FormPanel, despite being more complex (temporary storage has to be cleaned-up, otherwise it's not temporary)