As the App Engine documentation notes, you can use many of the file access facilities of the Java API.
The methods java.lang.Class.getResource(?:AsStream)? and java.lang.ClassLoader.getResource(?:AsStream)? are special cases. While the documentation for Class.getResourceAsStream is quite somewhat convoluted, it is only logical that it searches relative to the .class file you used:
> InputStream stream = MyClass.class.getResourceAsStream("myFile");
This is true of all Java environments.
To access files outside the classpath, I suggest using the
java.io family of classes.