There are billions of mobile phones in use around the globe.
They are present on every single continent, in every single
country and in every single city.
We reviewed the research on how mobile phones carry infectious
pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, and we believe they are
likely to be “Trojan horses” that contribute to community
transmission in epidemics and pandemics.
This transfer of pathogens on mobile phones poses a serious
health concern. The risk is that infectious pathogens may be
spreading via phones within the community, in workplaces
including medical and food-handling settings, and in public
transport, cruise ships and aeroplanes.
Currently mobile phones are largely neglected from a biosecurity
perspective, but they are likely to assist the spread of viruses
such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus
responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
We reviewed all the studies we could find in peer-reviewed
journals that analysed microbes found on mobile phones. Our
conclusions are published in the Journal of Travel Medicine and
Infectious Disease.
There were 56 studies that met our criteria, conducted in 24
countries around the world between 2005 and 2019.
Most of the studies looked at bacteria found on phones, and
several also looked at fungi. Overall, the studies found an
average of 68% of mobile phones were contaminated. This number
is likely to be lower than the real value, as most of the
studies aimed to identify only bacteria and, in many cases, only
specific types of bacteria.
The studies were all completed before the advent of SARS-CoV-2,
so none of them could test for it. Testing for viruses is
laborious, and we could find only one study that did test for
them (specifically for RNA viruses, a group that includes SARS-
CoV-2 and other coronaviruses).
Some studies compared the phones of healthcare workers and those
of the general public. They found no significant differences
between levels of contamination.
What this means for health and biosecurity
Contaminated mobile phones pose a real biosecurity risk,
allowing pathogens to cross borders easily.
Viruses can live on surfaces from hours to days to weeks. If a
person is infected with SARS-CoV-2, it is very likely their
mobile phone will be contaminated. The virus may then spread
from the phone to further individuals by direct or indirect
contact.
Mobile phones and other touchscreen systems – such as at airport
check-in counters and in-flight entertainment screens – may have
contributed to the rapid spread of COVID-19 around the globe.
Why phones are so often contaminated
Phones are almost ideal carriers of disease. We speak into them
regularly, depositing microbes via droplets. We often have them
with us while we eat, leading to the deposit of nutrients that
help microbes thrive. Many people use them in bathrooms and on
the toilet, leading to faecal contamination via the plume effect.
And although phones are exposed to microbes, most of us carry
them almost everywhere: at home, at work, while shopping, on
holidays. They often provide a temperature-controlled
environment that helps pathogens survive, as they are carried in
pockets or handbags and are rarely switched off.
On top of this, we rarely clean or disinfect them. Our
(unpublished) data suggests almost three-quarters of people have
never cleaned their phone at all.
What this means: clean your phone
While government agencies are providing guidelines on the core
practices for effective hand hygiene, there is little focus on
practices associated with the use of mobile phones or other
touch screen devices.
People touch their mobile phones on average for three hours
every day, with super-users touching phones more than 5,000
times a day. Unlike hands, mobile devices are not regularly
washed.
We advise public health authorities to implement public
awareness campaigns and other appropriate measures to encourage
disinfection for mobile phones and other touch screen devices.
Without this effort, the global public health campaign for hand
washing could be less effective.
Our recommendation is that mobile phones and other touch screen
devices should be decontaminated daily, using a 70% isopropyl
alcohol spray or other disinfection method.
These decontamination processes should be enforced especially in
key servicing industries, such as in food-handling businesses,
schools, bars, cafes, aged-care facilities, cruise ships,
airlines and airports, healthcare. We should do this all the
time, but particularly during a serious disease outbreak like
the current COVID-19 pandemic.
https://theconversation.com/mobile-phones-are-covered-in-germs-
disinfecting-them-daily-could-help-stop-diseases-spreading-135318