normal tracks - PCM, typical buffer size is ~20 ms, higher latency
fast tracks - PCM, typical buffer size is 5 ms or less, lower latency
deep buffer - PCM, typical buffer size is >= 100 ms, very high latency, intended to save power
codec offload - MP3/AAC/etc., very high latency, intended to save even more power than deep buffer
grep -r DEEP_BUFFER in frameworks/av/* is a starting point for details