On 5/24/2020 8:26 PM,
jecorb...@yahoo.com wrote:
> On Sunday, May 24, 2020 at 7:09:54 PM UTC-4, David Von Pein wrote:
>> On Sunday, May 24, 2020 at 2:12:21 PM UTC-4, Anthony Marsh wrote:
>>> I merely pointed out that you do not know the difference between a
>>> Carbine and a short rifle.
>>
>> Both types of guns (the 36-inch and the 40-incher) were labeled as
>> "CARBINES" by Klein's in 1963. Do you think Klein's was lying in their ads
>> when they called both versions "Carbines"---or were they merely ignorant
>> (even though selling guns was their business)?
>>
>
> This was Marsh going full Mr. Smarty Pants and once again getting it
> wrong. A carbine is by definition a short rifle and was the preferred
No, silly. The barrel has to be shorter than the short rifle.
> weapon of the cavalry because it was easier to handle while riding on a
Sure, if you're old enough to remember that far back.
> horse although it seems to me it would be very difficult to fire
> accurately while galloping on a horse. The definition has been expanded in
> modern times to include lightweight automatic and semiautomatic rifles.
>
> carbine
> [ˈkärˌbīn, ˈkärbēn]
>
> NOUN
> a light automatic rifle.
>
> historical
> a short rifle or musket used by cavalry.
>
Also by paratroopers. As I said before, you guys know nothing about gun.
Learn to use Google:
Carbine
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For other uses, see Carbine (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with carbyne or carbene.
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Airman security forces specialist of Ohio Air National Guard fires an M4
carbine (a shorter and lighter variant of the M16A2 rifle) during target
practice, 2017
A carbine (/ˈkɑːrbiːn/ or /ˈkɑːrbaɪn/)[1] is a long gun firearm but with
a shorter barrel than a standard rifle or musket.[2] Many carbines are
shortened versions of full-length rifles, shooting the same ammunition,
while others fire lower-powered ammunition, including types designed for
pistols.
The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to
handle. They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as
special-operations soldiers and paratroopers, as well as to mounted,
artillery, logistics, or other non-infantry personnel whose roles do not
require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for
carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing
weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the US Army's M4
carbine, which is standard issue.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Carbine arquebus and musket
2.2 Carbine rifle
2.3 World Wars
2.4 Post World War II
3 Modern history
3.1 Contemporary military forces
3.2 Special forces
4 Usage
5 Pistol caliber carbines
5.1 Shoulder-stocked handgun
6 Legal issues
6.1 United States
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
Etymology
The name comes from its first users — cavalry troopers called
"carabiniers", from the French carabine,[3] from Old French carabin
(soldier armed with a musket), whose origin is unclear. One theory
connects it to an "ancient engine of war" called a calabre;[4] another
connects it to Medieval Latin Calabrinus 'Calabrian';[4][5] yet another,
"less likely", to escarrabin, gravedigger, from the scarab beetle.[6]
History
Carbine arquebus and musket
Harquebusier, carbine-armed cavalry, 17th century
Carbine model 1793, used by the French Army during the French
Revolutionary Wars
The carbine was originally developed for cavalry.
The start of early modern warfare about the 16th century had infantry
armed with firearms, prompting cavalry to do the same, even though
reloading muzzle loading firearms while moving mounted was highly
impractical. Some cavalry, such as the German Reiters, added one or more
pistols, while other cavalry, such as harquebusiers, tried various
shorter, lightened versions of the infantry arquebus weapons – the first
carbines. But these weapons were still difficult to reload while
mounted, and the saber often remained main weapon of such cavalry.
Dragoons and other mounted infantry that dismounted for battles usually
adopted standard infantry firearms, though some favored versions that
were less encumbering when riding – something that could be arranged to
hang clear of the rider's elbows and horse's legs.
While more portable, carbines had the general disadvantages of less
accuracy and power than the longer guns of the infantry. During
Napoleonic warfare, pistol and carbine-armed cavalry generally
transitioned into traditional melee cavalry or dragoons.
Carbines found increased use outside of standard cavalry and infantry,
such as support and artillery troops, who might need to defend
themselves from attack but would be hindered by keeping full-sized
weapons with them continuously; a common title for many short rifles in
the late 19th century was artillery carbine.
Carbine rifle
As the rifled musket replaced the smoothbore firearms for infantry in
the mid 19th century, carbine versions were also developed; this was
often developed separately from the infantry rifles and, in many cases,
did not even use the same ammunition, which made for supply difficulties.
A notable weapon developed towards the end of the American Civil War by
the Union was the Spencer carbine, one of the very first breechloading,
repeating weapons. It had a spring-powered, removable tube magazine in
the buttstock which held seven rounds and could be reloaded by inserting
spare tubes. It was intended to give the cavalry a replacement weapon
which could be fired from horseback without the need for awkward
reloading after each shot – although it saw service mostly with
dismounted troopers, as was typical of cavalry weapons during that war.
In the late 19th century, it became common for a number of nations to
make bolt-action rifles in both full-length and carbine versions. One of
the most popular and recognizable carbines were the lever-action
Winchester carbines, with several versions available firing revolver
cartridges. This made it an ideal choice for cowboys and explorers, as
well as other inhabitants of the American West, who could carry a
revolver and a carbine, both using the same ammunition.
The Lee Enfield Cavalry Carbine (LEC) a shortened version of the
standard British Army infantry rifle was introduced in 1896, although it
did not become the standard British cavalry weapon until 1903.
World Wars
M1 Garand and M1 Carbine
In the decades following World War I, the standard battle rifle used by
armies around the world had been growing shorter, either by redesign or
by the general issue of carbine versions instead of full-length rifles.
This move was initiated by the US Model 1903 Springfield, which was
originally produced in 1907 with a short 24-inch barrel, providing a
short rifle that was longer than a carbine but shorter than a typical
rifle, so it could be issued to all troops without need for separate
versions. Other nations followed suit after World War I, when they
learned that their traditional long-barreled rifles provided little
benefit in the trenches and merely proved a hindrance to the soldiers.
Examples include the Russian Model 1891 rifle, originally with an 800 mm
(31 in) barrel, later shortened to 730 mm (29 in) in 1930, and to 510 mm
(20 in) in 1938, the German Mauser Gewehr 98 rifles went from 740 mm (29
in) in 1898 to 600 mm (24 in) in 1935 as the Karabiner 98k (K98k or
Kar98k), or "short carbine". The barrel lengths in rifles used by the
United States did not change between the bolt-action M1903 rifle of
World War I and the World War II M1 Garand rifle, because the 610 mm (24
in) barrel on the M1903 was still shorter than even the shortened
versions of the Model 1891 and Gewehr 98. The US M1 carbine was more of
a traditional carbine in that it was significantly shorter and lighter,
with a 457.2 mm (18.00 in) barrel, than the M1 Garand rifle, and that it
was intended for rear-area troops who couldn't be hindered with
full-sized rifles but needed something more powerful and accurate than a
Model 1911 pistol (although this didn't stop soldiers from using them on
the front line). Contrary to popular belief, and even what some books
claim, in spite of both being designated "M1", the M1 Carbine was not a
shorter version of the .30-06 M1 Garand, as is typical for most rifles
and carbines, but a wholly different design firing a smaller,
less-powerful cartridge. The "M1" designates each as the first model in
the new US designation system, which no longer used the year of
introduction, but a sequential series of numbers starting at "1": the M1
Carbine and M1 Rifle.
The United Kingdom also developed a "Jungle Carbine" version of their
Lee–Enfield service rifle, featuring a shorter barrel, flash suppressor,
and manufacturing modifications designed to decrease the rifle's weight.
Officially titled Rifle, No. 5 Mk I, it was introduced in the closing
months of World War II, but it did not see widespread service until the
Korean War, the Mau Mau Uprising, and the Malayan Emergency as well the
Vietnam War.
Post World War II
FN FAL rifle - (left) full size, (right) carbine/paratrooper variant
with a folding stock and shortened barrel
A shorter weapon was more convenient when riding in a truck, armored
personnel carrier, helicopter, or aircraft, and also when engaged in
close-range combat. Based on the combat experience of World War II, the
criteria used for selecting infantry weapons began to change. Unlike
previous wars, which were often fought mainly from fixed lines and
trenches, World War II was a highly mobile war, often fought in cities,
forests, or other areas where mobility and visibility were restricted.
In addition, improvements in artillery made moving infantry in open
areas even less practical than it had been.
The majority of enemy contacts were at ranges of less than 300 metres
(330 yards), and the enemy was exposed to fire for only short periods of
time as they moved from cover to cover. Most rounds fired were not aimed
at an enemy combatant, but instead fired in the enemy's direction to
keep them from moving and firing back (see suppressive fire). These
situations did not require a heavy rifle, firing full-power rifle
bullets with long-range accuracy. A less-powerful weapon would still
produce casualties at the shorter ranges encountered in actual combat,
and the reduced recoil would allow more shots to be fired in the short
amount of time an enemy was visible. The lower-powered round would also
weigh less, allowing a soldier to carry more ammunition. With no need of
a long barrel to fire full-power ammunition, a shorter barrel could be
used. A shorter barrel made the weapon weigh less, was easier to handle
in tight spaces, and was easier to shoulder quickly to fire a shot at an
unexpected target. Full-automatic fire was also considered a desirable
feature, allowing the soldier to fire short bursts of three to five
rounds, increasing the probability of a hit on a moving target.
The Germans had experimented with selective-fire carbines firing rifle
cartridges during the early years of World War II. These were determined
to be less than ideal, as the recoil of full-power rifle cartridges
caused the weapon to be uncontrollable in full-automatic fire. They then
developed an intermediate-power cartridge round, which was accomplished
by reducing the power and the length of the standard 7.92×57mm Mauser
rifle cartridge to create the 7.92×33mm Kurz (Short) cartridge. A
selective-fire weapon was developed to fire this shorter cartridge,
eventually resulting in the Sturmgewehr 44, later translated as "assault
rifle" (also frequently called "machine carbines" by Allied
intelligence, a quite accurate assessment, in fact). Very shortly after
World War II, the USSR would adopt a similar weapon, the ubiquitous
AK-47, the first model in the famed Kalashnikov-series, which became the
standard Soviet infantry weapon, and which has been produced and
exported in extremely large numbers up through the present day. Although
the United States had developed the M2 Carbine, a selective-fire version
of the M1 Carbine during WW2, the .30 Carbine cartridge was closer to a
pistol round in power, making it more of a submachine gun than an
assault rifle. It was also adopted only in very small numbers and issued
to few troops (the semi-automatic M1 carbine was produced in a 10-to-1
ratio to the M2), while the AK47 was produced by the millions and was
standard-issue to all Soviet troops, as well as those of many other
nations. The US was slow to follow suit, insisting on retaining a
full-power, 7.62×51mm NATO rifle, the M14 (although this was selective
fire), until too-hastily adopting the 5.56mm M16 rifle in the mid-1960s,
with initially poor results due to the rapidity of its introduction (but
later to become a highly successful line of rifles and carbines).
In the 1950s, the British developed the .280 British, an intermediate
cartridge, and a select-fire bullpup assault rifle to fire it, the EM-2.
They pressed for the US to adopt it so it could become a NATO-standard
round, but the US insisted on retaining a full-power, .30 caliber round.
This forced NATO to adopt the 7.62×51mm NATO round (which in reality is
only slightly different ballistically to the .308 Winchester), to
maintain commonality. The British eventually adopted the 7.62mm FN FAL,
and the US adopted the 7.62mm M14. These rifles are both what is known
as battle rifles and were a few inches shorter than the standard-issue
rifles they replaced (22" barrel as opposed to 24" for the M1 Garand),
although they were still full-powered rifles, with selective fire
capability. These can be compared to the even shorter, less-powerful
assault rifle, which might be considered the "carbine branch of weapons
development", although indeed, there are now carbine variants of many of
the assault rifles which had themselves seemed quite small and light
when adopted.
Bullet drop of the M16A2 rifle (yellow) vs M4 carbine (red)
By the 1960s, after becoming involved in War in Vietnam, the US did an
abrupt about-face and decided to standardize on the intermediate
5.56×45mm round (based on the .223 Remington varmint cartridge) fired
from the new, lightweight M16 rifle, leaving NATO to hurry and catch up.
Many of the NATO countries couldn't afford to re-equip so soon after the
recent 7.62mm standardization, leaving them armed with full-power 7.62mm
battle rifles for some decades afterwards, although by this point, the
5.56mm has been adopted by almost all NATO countries and many non-NATO
nations as well. This 5.56mm NATO round was even lighter and smaller
than the Soviet 7.62×39mm AK-47 cartridge, but possessed higher
velocity. In U.S. service, the M16 assault rifle replaced the M14 as the
standard infantry weapon, although the M14 continued to be used by
designated marksmen. Although at 20", the barrel of the M16 was shorter
than that of the M14, it was still designated a "rifle" rather than a
"carbine", and it was still longer than the AK, which used a 16" barrel.
(The SKS – an interim, semi-automatic, weapon adopted a few years before
the AK-47 was put into service – was designated a carbine, even though
it's 20" barrel was significantly longer than the AK series' 16.3". This
is because of the Kalashnikov's revolutionary nature, which altered the
old paradigm. Compared to previous rifles, particularly the Soviets'
initial attempts at semi-automatic rifles, such as the 24" SVT-40, the
SKS was significantly shorter. The Kalashnikov altered traditional
notions and ushered in a change in what was considered a "rifle" in
military circles.)
In 1974, shortly after the introduction of the 5.56mm NATO, the USSR
began to issue a new Kalashnikov variant, the AK-74, chambered in the
small-bore 5.45×39mm cartridge, which was a standard 7.62×39mm necked
down to take a smaller, lighter, faster bullet. It soon became standard
issue in Soviet nations, although many of the nations with export
Kalashnikovs retained the larger 7.62×39mm round. In 1995, the People's
Republic of China adopted a new 5.8×42mm cartridge to match the modern
trend in military ammunition, replacing the previous 7.62×39mm and
5.45×39mm round as standard.
Later, even lighter carbines variants of many of these short-barreled
assault rifles came to be adopted as the standard infantry weapon. In
much modern tactical thinking, only a certain number of soldiers now
need to retain longer-range weapons, these serving as designated
marksmen. The rest can carry lighter, shorter-ranged weapons for
close-quarters combat and suppressive fire. This is basically a more
extreme extension of the idea that brought the original assault rifle.
Another factor is that with the increasing weight of technology,
sighting systems, ballistic armor, etc., the only way to reduce the
burden on the modern soldier was to equip them with a smaller, lighter
weapon. Also, modern soldiers rely a great deal on vehicles and
helicopters to transport them around the battle area, and a longer
weapon can be a serious hindrance to entering and exiting these
vehicles. Development of lighter assault rifles continued, matched by
developments in even lighter carbines. In spite of the short barrels of
the new assault rifles, carbines variants like the 5.45×39mm AKS-74U and
Colt Commando were being developed for use when mobility was essential
and a submachine gun wasn't sufficiently powerful. The AKS-74U featured
an extremely short 8.1" barrel which necessitated redesigning and
shortening the gas-piston and integrating front sights onto the gas
tube; the Colt Commando was a bit longer, at 11.5". Neither was adopted
as standard issue, although the US did later adopt the somewhat-longer
M4 carbine, with a 14.5" barrel.
Modern history
Contemporary military forces
Steyr AUG rifle (508 mm (20.0 in) barrel)
Steyr AUG carbine (407 mm (16.0 in) barrel). Carbine conversion is
achieved by changing to a shorter barrel.
Two M4 carbines stowed ahead of the flight instrument panel of a US Army
OH-58D reconnaissance helicopter, over Iraq in 2004
By the 1990s, the US had adopted the M4 carbine, a derivative of the M16
family which fired the same 5.56mm cartridge but was lighter and shorter
(in overall length and barrel length), resulting in marginally reduced
range and power, although offering better mobility and lighter weight to
offset the weight of equipment and armor that a modern soldier has to carry.
However, in spite of the benefits of the modern carbine, many armies are
experiencing a certain backlash against the universal equipping of
soldiers with carbines and lighter rifles in general, and are equipping
selected soldiers, usually called Designated Marksmen, or DM, with
higher-power rifles. Another problem comes from the loss of muzzle
velocity caused by the shorter barrel, which when coupled with the
typical small, lightweight bullets, causes effectiveness to be
diminished; a 5.56mm gets its lethality from its high velocity, and when
fired from the 14.5" M4 carbine, its power, penetration, and range are
diminished. Thus, there has been a move towards adopting a slightly more
powerful round tailored for high performance from both long and short
barrels. The US has done experiments regarding adopting a new, slightly
larger and heavier caliber such as the 6.5mm Grendel or 6.8mm Remington
SPC, which are heavier and thus retain more effectiveness at lower
muzzle velocities, but has for the time decided to retain the 5.56mm
NATO round as standard issue.
While the US Army adopted the M4 carbine in the 1990s, the US Marine
Corps retained their 20" barrel M16A4 rifles long afterwards, citing the
increased range and effectiveness over the carbine version; officers
were required to carry an M4 carbine rather than an M9 pistol, as Army
officers do. Due to the Marine Corps emphasis on being riflemen, the
lighter carbine was considered a suitable compromise between a rifle and
a pistol. Marines with restricted mobility such as vehicle operators, or
a greater need for mobility such as squad leaders, were also issued M4
carbines. In July 2015, the Marine Corps approved the M4 carbine for
standard issue to front-line Marines, replacing the M16A4 rifle. The
rifles will be issued to support troops while the carbines go to the
front-line Marines, in a reversal of the traditional roles of "rifles
for the front line, carbines for the rear".
Special forces
Special forces need to perform fast, decisive operations, frequently
airborne or boat-mounted. A pistol, though light and quick to operate,
is viewed as not having enough power, firepower, or range. A submachine
gun has selective fire, but firing a pistol cartridge and having a short
barrel and sight radius, it is not accurate or powerful enough at longer
ranges. Submachine guns also tend to have poorer armor and cover
penetration than rifles and carbines firing rifle ammunition.
Consequently, carbines have gained wide acceptance among SOCOM, UKSF,
and other communities, having relatively light weight, large magazine
capacity, selective fire, and much better range and penetration than a
submachine gun.
Usage
The smaller size and relative lighter weight of carbines makes them
easier to handle in close-quarter situations such as urban engagements,
when deploying from military vehicles, or in any situation where space
is confined. The disadvantages of carbines relative to rifles include
inferior long-range accuracy and a shorter effective range. These
comparisons refer to carbines (short-barreled rifles) of the same power
and class as the regular full-sized rifles.
Compared to submachine guns, carbines have a greater effective range and
are capable of penetrating helmets and body armor when used with armor
piercing ammunition.[7] However, submachine guns are still used by
military special forces and police SWAT teams for close quarters battle
(CQB) because they are "a pistol caliber weapon that's easy to control,
and less likely to over-penetrate the target."[7] Also, carbines are
harder to maneuver in tight encounters where superior range and stopping
power at distance are not great considerations.
Firing the same ammunition as standard-issue rifles or pistols gives
carbines the advantage of standardization over those personal defense
weapons (PDWs) that require proprietary cartridges.
The modern usage of the term carbine covers much the same scope as it
always had, namely lighter weapons (generally rifles) with barrels up to
20 inches in length. These weapons can be considered carbines, while
rifles with barrels longer than 20 inches are generally not considered
carbines unless specifically named so. Conversely, many rifles have
barrels shorter than 20", yet aren't considered carbines. The AK series
rifles has an almost universal barrel length of 16.3", well within
carbine territory, yet has always been considered a rifle, perhaps
because it was designed as such and not shortened from a longer weapon.
Modern carbines use ammunition ranging from that used in light pistols
up to powerful rifle cartridges, with the usual exception of
high-velocity magnum cartridges. In the more powerful cartridges, the
short barrel of a carbine has significant disadvantages in velocity, and
the high residual pressure, and frequently still-burning powder and
gases, when the bullet exits the barrel results in substantially greater
muzzle blast. Flash suppressors are a common, partial solution to this
problem, although even the best flash suppressors are hard put to deal
with the excess flash from the still-burning powder leaving the short
barrel (and they also add several inches to the length of the barrel,
diminishing the purpose of having a short barrel in the first place).
The shorter the barrel, the more difficult it is to hide the flash; the
AKS-74U has a complex, effective muzzle-booster/flash suppressor, yet it
still suffers from extreme muzzle flash.[citation needed]
Pistol caliber carbines
Marlin Model 1894C — .357 Magnum carbine
The typical carbine is the pistol-caliber carbine. These first appeared
soon after metallic cartridges became common. These were developed as
"companions" to the popular revolvers of the day, firing the same
cartridge but allowing more velocity and accuracy than the revolver.
These were carried by cowboys, lawmen, and others in the Old West. The
classic combination would be a Winchester lever-action carbine and a
Colt Single Action Army revolver in .44-40 or .38-40. During the 20th
century, this trend continued with more modern and powerful smokeless
revolver cartridges, in the form of Winchester and Marlin lever action
carbines chambered in .38 Special/.357 Magnum and .44 Special/.44 Magnum.
Modern equivalents include the Ruger Police Carbine, which uses the same
magazine as the Ruger pistols of the same caliber, and the
(discontinued) Marlin Camp Carbine, which, in .45 ACP, used M1911
magazines. The Ruger Model 44 and Ruger Deerfield Carbine were both
carbines chambered in .44 Magnum. The Beretta Cx4 Storm shares magazines
with many Beretta pistols and is designed to be complementary to the
Beretta Px4 Storm pistol. The Hi-Point 995TS are popular, economical and
reliable alternatives to other pistol caliber carbines in the United
States, and their magazines can be used in the Hi-Point C-9 pistol.
Another example is the Kel-Tec SUB-2000 series chambered in either 9 mm
Luger or .40S&W, which can be configured to accept Glock, Beretta, S&W,
or SIG pistol magazines. The SUB-2000 also has the somewhat unusual
(although not unique) ability to fold in half.
Kel-Tec SUB-2000 carbine in 9×19mm Parabellum
The primary advantage of a carbine over a pistol using the same
ammunition is controllability. The combination of firing from the
shoulder, longer sight-radius, 3 points of contact (firing hand, support
hand & shoulder), and precision offer a significantly more user-friendly
platform. Carbines like the Kel-Tec SUB-2000, Hi Point 995TS and Beretta
Cx4 Storm have the ability to mount user friendly optics, lights and
lasers thanks to them having accessory rails, which make target
acquisition and engagement much easier.
The longer barrel can offer increased velocity and, with it, greater
energy and effective range due to the propellant having more time to
burn. However, loss in bullet velocity can happen where the propellant
is utilised before the bullet reaches the muzzle, combined with the
friction from the barrel on the bullet. As long guns, pistol-caliber
carbines may be less legally restricted than handguns in some
jurisdictions. Compared to carbines chambered in intermediate or rifle
calibers, such as .223 Remington and 7.62×54mmR, pistol-caliber carbines
generally experience less of an increase in external ballistic
properties as a result of the propellant. The drawback is that one loses
the primary benefits of a handgun, i.e. portability and concealability,
resulting in a weapon almost the size of, but less accurate than, a
long-gun, but not much more powerful than a pistol.
Also widely produced are semi-automatic and typically longer-barreled
derivatives of select-fire submachine guns, such as the FN PS90, HK USC,
KRISS Vector, Thompson carbine, CZ Scorpion S1 Carbine and the Uzi
carbine. In order to be sold legally in many countries, the barrel must
meet a minimum length (16" in the USA). So the original submachine gun
in given a legal-length barrel and made into a semi-automatic,
transforming it into a carbine. Though less common, pistol-caliber
conversions of centerfire rifles like the AR-15 are commercially available.
Shoulder-stocked handgun
Mauser C96 "Red 9" variant with attached shoulder-stock
Some handguns used to come from the factory with mounting lugs for a
shoulder stock, notably including the "Broomhandle" Mauser C96, Luger
P.08, and Browning Hi-Power. In the case of the first two, the pistol
could come with a hollow wooden stock that doubled as a holster.
Carbine conversion kits are commercially available for many other
pistols, including M1911 and most Glocks. These can either be simple
shoulder stocks fitted to a pistol or full carbine conversion kits,
which are at least 26 in (660 mm) long and replace the pistol's barrel
with one at least 16 in (410 mm) long for compliance with the US law. In
the US, fitting a shoulder stock to a handgun with a barrel less than
16" long legally turns it into a short-barreled rifle, which is in
violation of the National Firearms Act.
Legal issues
United States
Under the National Firearms Act of 1934, firearms with shoulder stocks
or originally manufactured as a rifle and barrels less than 16 in (410
mm) in length are classified as short-barreled rifles. Short-barreled
rifles are restricted similarly to short-barreled shotguns, requiring a
$200 tax paid prior to manufacture or transfer – a process which can
take several months. Because of this, firearms with barrels of less than
16 in (410 mm) and a shoulder stock are uncommon. A list of firearms not
covered by the NFA due to their antique status may be found here[8] or
due to their Curio and Relic status may be found here;[9] these lists
includes a number of carbines with barrels less than the minimum legal
length and firearms that are "primarily collector's items and are not
likely to be used as weapons and, therefore, are excluded from the
provisions of the National Firearms Act." Machine guns, as their own
class of firearm, are not subject to requirements of other class firearms.
Distinct from simple shoulder stock kits, full carbine conversion kits
are not classified as short-barreled rifles. By replacing the pistol
barrel with one at least 16 in (410 mm) in length and having an overall
length of at least 26 in (660 mm), a carbine converted pistol may be
treated as a standard rifle under Title I of the Gun Control Act of 1968
(GCA).[10] However, certain "Broomhandle" Mauser C96, Luger, and
Browning Hi-Power Curio & Relic pistols with their originally issued
stock attached only may retain their pistol classification.
Carbines without a stock and not originally manufactured as a rifle are
not classified as rifles or short barreled rifles. A carbine
manufactured under 26 in (660 mm) in length without a forward vertical
grip will be a pistol and, state law notwithstanding, can be carried
concealed without creating an unregistered Any Other Weapon. A nearly
identical carbine with an overall length of 26 in (660 mm) or greater is
simply an unclassified firearm under Title I of the Gun Control Act of
1968, as the Any Other Weapon catch-all only applies to firearms under
26 in (660 mm) or that have been concealed. However, a modification
intending to fire from the shoulder and bypass the regulation of
short-barreled rifles is considered the unlawful possession and
manufacture of an unregistered short-barreled rifle.
In some historical cases, the term machine carbine was the official
title for submachine guns, such as the British Sten and Australian Owen
guns. The semiautomatic-only version of the Sterling submachine gun was
also officially called a "carbine". The original Sterling semi-auto
would be classed a "short barrel rifle" under the U.S. National Firearms
Act, but fully legal long-barrel versions of the Sterling have been made
for the U.S. collector market.[citation needed]
See also
Look up carbine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
List of carbines
Personal defense weapon
Short-barreled rifle
References
"Carbine". Dictionary.com. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carbine". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th
ed.). Cambridge University Press.
"Carbine". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
"Carabin". Oxford English Dictionary.
"Carbine". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
"Carbine". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
(Fifth ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016. Retrieved September 26,
2018 – via
thefreedictionary.com.
Gurwitch, Jeff (December 11, 2011). "Submachine Guns (SMG's): Outpaced
by Today's Modern Short-Barreled Rifles (SBR's)/Sub-Carbines, or Still a
Viable Tool for Close Quarters Battle/Close Quarters Combat (CQB/CQC)?".
Defense Review. Retrieved September 26, 2018.
"Curios or Relics List — Update March 2001 through May 2005". Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
"Curios or Relics List — Update January 2009 through June 2010". Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
"ATF Rule 2011-4 pertaining to Carbine Conversion Units". Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
Further reading
Beard, Ross E. Carbine : the story of David Marshall Williams.
Williamstown, NJ: Phillips, 1997. ISBN 0-932572-26-X OCLC 757855022
Carbines : cal. .30 carbines M1, M1A1, M2 and M3. Washington, DC:
Headquarters, Departments of the Army and the Air Force, 1953.
McAulay, John D. Carbines of the Civil War, 1861–1865. Union City,
TN: Pioneer Press, 1981. ISBN 978-0-913159-45-3 OCLC 8111324
McAulay, John D. Carbines of the U.S. Cavalry, 1861–1905. Lincoln,
RI: Andrew Mowbray Publishers, 1996. ISBN 0-917218-70-1 OCLC 36087526
Categories:
CarbinesRifles18th-century weapons
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