Hello,
In question 13, all the residents of a locality in Chennai has participated. Assume 1000 residents are living. 1000 is now my population.
Out of these 1000, 590 consider Covid-19 to be a serious disease.
410 consider it as normal flu and are of the opinion that there should not be any lockdown.
Notice that in the above statements, I am only summarizing the data or facts of survey. No inference about a bigger population is being made. Hence, descriptive.
In question 14, only 100 (sample) out of the possible 1000 (population) residents participated. From this small sample of 100, we are trying to infer what entire 1000 residents feel which may be true or false. (Probability coming into picture). Hence, inferential statistics.