Slope of a line means the change , if slope =0 then the line is horizontal to x axis.
Now after 8 a.m to 4p.m , the pollution rises linearly. The slope of the line = rise/run or y difference / x difference = 80-40/ 3[ pollution value plotted in y axis and time plotted in x axis ].
Same way , when pollution falls from 8 p.m to 12 p.m { The y difference = 120- 40/3 =320/3 and x difference = 12-8= 4 so slope is (320/3)/4=80/3}
Hope it is clear now.