NDPR Richard Cross Early Scholastic Christology 1050-1250

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Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews

2026.03.6 View this Review Online View Other NDPR Reviews

Richard Cross, Early Scholastic Christology 1050-1250, Oxford University Press, 2025, 304pp., $130.00 (hbk) ISBN 9780198936015.

Reviewed by Corey Barnes, Oberlin College

Cross’s impressive, textually grounded study sheds light on the mechanics and semantics of the Incarnation as debated prior to and in the wake of Peter Lombard’s codification in his Sentences of three opinions, which came to be known as the homo assumptus, subsistence, and habitus theories. While extensive attention has been devoted to thirteenth- and fourteenth-century reflections on the hypostatic union and communicatio idiomatum, including by Cross himself, far less systematic attention has been devoted to surveying the period investigated here. Cross’s study reveals how the three opinions emerged from specific approaches and remained fluid into the thirteenth-century, constituting clusters...