Hi,
The codebase switched from using RABX to JSON finally earlier this year:
https://github.com/mysociety/fixmystreet/pull/3220 (just after the v5 release as it was such a big change, but we're running it in live for months now so should work fine.) But from a user point of view, that shouldn't really matter, because it shouldn't be a system you ever have to interpret or use directly. You should be interfacing with any columns like that via code, not directly in the database.
The codebase has various functions (generally held in the Extra role) for talking to the extra columns of reports in the database. For example, if you have a report row fetched into $p, then $p->get_extra_fields will return all the answers to the extra questions during report creation. I don't want to say a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, but I would strongly encourage you to interact with the data via the written interfaces, trying to manually construct or edit machine-encoded data can cause corruption and bugs if any mistake is made at all.
(To answer your questions, but I really don't think it's a good thing to do, A is a key-value dictionary (Associative array), and L means a list, so L5 means a list of 5 items. RABX is a length-encoded buffer format for storing arbitrary data. The "long string" you quote is not valid RABX, you must have edited it, as it only has 4 entries in the list.)
ATB,
Matthew