Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database - new paper + data just out
Paul Brockway
Hi macro folks
I (and co-authors) am excited to share with you now the fuller suite of documents and data repository links for the Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database, which covers:
· the period 1960–2020,
· country-level data created by a consistent physical approach,
· 152 individual countries and 3 rest of world regions,
· 7 aggregate and 46 detailed sub-sectors,
· 68 final energy products, and
· 85 final-to-useful (FU) energy conversion devices.
There are two open access journal papers associated with this database construction, an efficiency paper (describing world level efficiency results and the overview of the database construction) and a JOSS paper which sets out the code/engine that the database was built and run with.
· Efficiency paper:
Brockway, P.E., Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z., Aramendia, E., Steenwyk, P., Relph, T., Widjanarko, M., Kim, J., Sainju, A., Irtube, J. (2024). A Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database: Overview of its construction and 1971–2020 world-level efficiency results. IOPP ‘Environmental Research: Energy’ 1, 025005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad4e39
· JOSS paper:
Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z. and Aramendia, E., (2024). CLPFUDatabase: A suite of R packages for energy conversion chain analysis. Journal of Open Source Software, 9(93), 6057. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06057.
There are two data repositories associated with the database:
· Input data repository:
Paul Brockway, Zeke Marshall, Matthew K Heun, Emmanuel Aramendia, Paul Steenwyk (2024): Dataset associated with the paper: A Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database: Overview of its construction and 1971–2020 world-level efficiency results. [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5518/1536
· Output data repository:
Marshall, Zeke and Brockway, Paul E. and Heun, Matthew Kuperus and Aramendia, Emmanuel and Steenwyk, Paul and Relph, Thomas and Widjanarko, Michelle and Kim, Jeonghoo and Sainju, Anjana and Franzius, Julian Iturbe (2024) A Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) energy and exergy database v1.2, 1960-2020. University of Leeds. [Dataset] https://doi.org/10.5518/1199
The available data is free to use, just provide an appropriate link/citation.
if you have questions on the data/usage, please send us queries
best wishes
Paul
============================
Dr Paul Brockway
Associate Professor
Sustainability Research Institute (SRI)
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
E-mail: p.e.br...@leeds.ac.uk
Skype: paul.b...@hotmail.com
https://environment.leeds.ac.uk/see/staff/1177/dr-paul-brockway
https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=MVtq61AAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra
www.researchgate.net/profile/Paul_Brockway
Latest Publications
Brockway, P.E., Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z., Aramendia, E., Steenwyk, P., Relph, T., Widjanarko, M., Kim, J., Sainju, A., Irtube, J. (2024). A Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database: Overview of its construction and 1971–2020 world-level efficiency results. IOPP ‘Environmental Research: Energy’ 1, 025005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad4e39
Aramendia, E., Brockway, P.E., Taylor, P., Norman, J., Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z. (2024) Estimation of useful-stage energy returns on investment for fossil fuels and implications for renewable energy systems. Nature Energy. Available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01518-6
Nieto, J., Brockway, P.E., Sakai, M., Barrett, J., (2024) Assessing the energy and socio-macroeconomic impacts of the EV transition: A UK case study 2020-2050. Applied Energy. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123367
Santos, J., Viana, M., Nieto, J., Brockway, P.E., Sakai, M., Domingos, T. (2024). The impact of energy efficiency on economic growth: Application of the MARCO model to the Portuguese economy, 1960-2014. Energies. 17, 2688. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112688
Tostes B., Henriques S.T, Brockway P.E., Heun M.K., Domingos T., Sousa, T. (2024) On the right track? Energy use, carbon emissions, and intensities of world rail transportation, 1840–2020. Applied Energy 367, 123344. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123344
Kikstra J.S., Li M., Brockway P.E., Hickel J., Keyßer L., Malik A., Joeri Rogelj J., van Ruijven, B., Lenzen M. (01 Apr 2024) Downscaling Down Under: Towards degrowth in integrated assessment models. Economic Systems Research. Available at https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2023.2301443
Gonçalves J., Santos J., Heun M., Brockway P.E., Domingos T. (2024) Useful Exergy as an Intermediate Input in a Two-Sector Model of the United States Economy. Energies. 17(1481):1–32. Available at https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061481
Aramendia, E., Brockway, P.E., Taylor, P., Norman, J. (2024) Exploring the effects of mineral depletion on renewable energy technologies net energy returns. Energy, 290, 130112. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.130112
Betts-Davies, S., Barrett, J., Brockway, P.E., Norman, J. (2024) Is All Inequality Reduction Equal? Understanding Motivations and Mechanisms for Socio-economic Inequality Reduction in Economic Narratives of Climate Change Mitigation. Energy Research & Social Science, 107, 103349. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103349
Marco Raugei
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________________________________________
Dr Marco Raugei
Senior Research Fellow and Senior Lecturer | Oxford Brookes University
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Paul Brockway
Hi MES network,
I hope you are all doing well over the summer.
After quite some years, I'm attaching two new papers on the rebound effect we have recently published at The Energy Journal. (copying in co-authors as cc)
- In Part I (https://doi.org/10.1177/01956574251331969), we develop a detailed theoretical framework for rebound analysis.
- In Part II (https://doi.org/10.1177/01956574251331966), we (a) apply the framework to two examples and (b) introduce a new way to visualize components of rebound: rebound planes.
If you're interested, you can read two blog posts about the papers, too:
- https://matthewheun.com/2025-07-11-energetic-and-economic-aspects-of-rebound-part-i-foundations-of-a-rigorous-analytical-framework/
- https://matthewheun.com/2025-07-24-part-ii/
We hope you find these papers to be a helpful addition to the literature on rebound. Please feel free to reach out with any questions or comments.
Best wishes
Paul
============================
Dr Paul Brockway
Associate Professor
Sustainability Research Institute (SRI)
School of Earth and Environment
University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
E-mail: p.e.br...@leeds.ac.uk
Edwards A., Nijsse F., Bickerstaff K., Brockway, P.E. (2025) Towards Modelling Post-Growth Climate Transformations. Environmental Research Letters, 20, 053005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc9c
Betts-Davies, S., Owen, A., Barrett, J., Brockway, P.E., Norman, J., (2025) Quantifying the energy and emissions implications of sustainable consumption corridors in the UK. Nature Scientific Reports. 15:16499 Available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01495-0
Chen, Z., Brockway, P.E., Few, S. and Paavola, J., (2024) The impact of emissions trading systems on technological innovation for climate change mitigation: a systematic review. Climate Policy, pp.1-17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2443464
Brockway, P.E., Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z., Aramendia, E., Steenwyk, P., Relph, T., Widjanarko, M., Kim, J., Sainju, A., Irtube, J. (2024). A Country-Level Primary-Final-Useful (CL-PFU) Energy and Exergy Database: Overview of its construction and 1971–2020 world-level efficiency results. IOPP ‘Environmental Research: Energy’ 1, 025005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ad4e39
Aramendia, E., Brockway, P.E., Taylor, P., Norman, J., Heun, M.K., Marshall, Z. (2024) Estimation of useful-stage energy returns on investment for fossil fuels and implications for renewable energy systems. Nature Energy. Available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01518-6
Nieto, J., Brockway, P.E., Sakai, M., Barrett, J., (2024) Assessing the energy and socio-macroeconomic impacts of the EV transition: A UK case study 2020-2050. Applied Energy. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123367
Santos, J., Viana, M., Nieto, J., Brockway, P.E., Sakai, M., Domingos, T. (2024). The impact of energy efficiency on economic growth: Application of the MARCO model to the Portuguese economy, 1960-2014. Energies. 17, 2688. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112688
Tostes B., Henriques S.T, Brockway P.E., Heun M.K., Domingos T., Sousa, T. (2024) On the right track? Energy use, carbon emissions, and intensities of world rail transportation, 1840–2020. Applied Energy 367, 123344. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123344
Kikstra J.S., Li M., Brockway P.E., Hickel J., Keyßer L., Malik A., Joeri Rogelj J., van Ruijven, B., Lenzen M. (2024) Downscaling Down Under: Towards degrowth in integrated assessment models. Economic Systems Research. Available at https://doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2023.2301443