Hello,
Docker Desktop requires KVM, but if I understand correctly the lower-level Docker Engine and Docker Compose systems do not. If you install Docker Engine and Docker Compose directly, rather than using them as bundled with Docker Desktop, you can avoid virtualization.
Ultimately the Hypothesis server just needs to be able to reach its services (Elasticsearch, Postgres, RabbitMQ) via TCP, so it is possible to avoid Docker and containers entirely, at the cost of convenience. In production we use cloud versions of these systems managed by AWS or CloudAMQP (in the case of RabbitMQ).
Regards,