The list of IP addresses are not published on purpose in an effort to
prevent implementers from making assumptions about aspects of the
validation process which could change at any time.
As an example, there has been discussion about switching to a system
where the validation is performed from a number of geographically
diverse validation servers with a quorum-style system in order to make
it harder to bypass the validation. That list of IP addresses might
change regularly. Another suggested approach was to route some of those
requests through the Tor network, which would make it impossible to
predict the exact IP address that's going to hit the site.
A better approach might be to increase the threshold for blocking
requests based on other data points, like the request URI path which
will always start with /.well-known/acme-challenge for validation
requests. Finally, if this is not an option for your product, DNS-based
validation is an option that should not be affected by any filtering.