Asylum Cooperative Agreements

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Margaret Elizabeth Butler

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Dec 16, 2025, 2:42:01 PM (9 days ago) Dec 16

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Hello Folks,

I am trying to make a list of all countries with asylum cooperative agreements (ACAs) with the United States, and hopefully also locate their associated text. This is surprisingly harder than I expected. These ACAs are sometimes also mentioned using “safe third country” language. My patron needs this information by Wednesday, close of business (9 PM Eastern), if possible.

These appear to be executive agreements, rather than treaties, made under the presidential foreign relations authority in at least some instances. News accounts suggest that these agreements may not all be treated formally, with letter of transmission sent to the U.S. Sente. For executive agreements, research tools suggest that agreements are to be communicated to Congress (by letter of transmission).

My patron and I identified and located agreements for El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. It appears that the following countries appear to have some sort of agreement: Panama, Costa Rica, Uganda, Ecuador, Eswatini, Uzbekistan, South Sudan, Belize, Paraguay, Ghana, but we have not been able to find any agreements.

So far, I have:

*searched Congress.gov looking for letters of transmission using the advanced search tool for all congresses, legislative source:”Senate Communications” “asylum cooperative agreement”.

*searched google for “asylum cooperative agreement” .pdf

*checked proquest congressional

*checked federalregister.gov

Results thus far largely reflect the documents related to the Northern Triangle (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras). Advocacy organizations and news sources are how we have built the list of countries thus far. The secondary source/scholarly work I have consulted cites to news stories in footnotes, rather than to government documents.

If you have any additional sources or searches that you would suggest, please advise.

Thank you very much for your time and assistance!

Be well,

Meg

Margaret (Meg) Butler

Associate Director for Public Services

Georgia State University Law Library

she/her

Margaret Elizabeth Butler

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Dec 17, 2025, 2:33:35 PM (9 days ago) Dec 17

to Margaret Elizabeth Butler, int...@ciesin.columbia.edu

Folks,

A colleague with fresh eyes found this resource: https://www.thirdcountrydeportationwatch.org/

I share in case it is useful for anyone else.

Be well,

Meg

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