Dear Colleagues,
The first summary paper is now posted: Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J. and E. P. Kraly (2021). A demographic perspective on the role of environmental and climate change on forced migration and population displacement. https://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/pern_files/statements/A%20demographic%20perspective%20on%20climate%20change%20refugees_Abbasi%20and%20Kraly.pdf
In the paper, the authors discuss the contribution that demography and demographers could make in areas such as conceptual specification, analysis and measurement, data collection, predictions and modelling, policy and program design, as well as training and research for the understanding of climate impacts and risks of refugees and IDPs.
A lot of food for thought in this brief, as these extracts illustrate:
-
there is no specific theoretical framework to explain the settlement patterns,
reactions and adaptation process and consequences of the environmental
displaced population in the new places living either in camps or residing among
the native population (page 2);
- there is a need for a life course perspective in addition to cross-sectional situation analysis for the displaced population (page 5);
- voices of people should be heard in studies of forced migration (page 6).
Please have a look at the paper and let us know what you think.
Susana B. Adamo
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Erdal, M. B., & Oeppen, C. (2018). Forced to leave? The discursive and analytical significance of describing migration as forced and voluntary. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 44(6), 981-998.
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Dear Ellen, Jalal, Alex and David,
Thanks so much Ellen and Jalal for a very comprehensive and insightful paper.
I appreciate the way you tie in the study of forced migration with existing migration theories.
Given that it is generally difficult, if not impossible, to obtain the demographic breakdown data, I think theories are helpful to help us, at least, predict how demographic differentials in displacement would be.
For instance, if we apply the rule of migration distance, we may expect to see that women, the elderly and children are displaced closer to their place of origin compared to men.
While we see lower number of men in displacement camps in one’s own country, the number of asylum seekers in European countries maybe higher for men since this involves longer distance move. Here the life course approach mentioned in Ellen and Jalal’s paper is also useful. The constraint is, of course, the data that would allow us to follow the same individuals over time.
This is a highly relevant and stimulating seminar. Let’s keep the conversation going!
Best wishes,
Raya
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Dear Alex, David and others,
My apologies for joining late the discussion. I wanted to briefly comment on David’s question about applying existing theories of migration to refugee / IDP flows. In general, applying these theories has rarely been done in the refugee literature, both for a lack of appropriate household data (which is often missing in warzone, apart of census data sometimes dating many years / decades prior to the conflict) and general assumptions regarding the causes of flight (related to risks to physical / psychological integrity). In my view, these theories (e.g. NELM and others) can be shed light on displacement processes, but their usefulness is often limited to specific instances.
It is important to keep in mind that the primary drivers of displacement, and in particular mass displacement, is threat to physical (and psychological) integrity. Displacement, thus, tend to occur in relations with changing security circumstances, which put the lives of individuals at immediate risks (e.g, fighting, persecution, ethnic cleansing, or the spread of new information about civilian victimization in nearby locations). To the extent that these developments may occur very rapidly in spatial terms (conflict diffusion, changing behaviors of armed groups), it limits the ability of at-risk populations to plan in advance their departure.
Moreover, flight itself is generally perceived (and certainly is!) a high risk decision in conflict areas, as refugees and IDPs are often victimized when attempting to leave conflict zones. Armed groups, which generally rely on civilian supports, may actively prevent flight, state actors may be suspicious of the loyalties of displaced persons, sexual and gender-based violence of refugees is frequent, and human trafficking by criminal groups is also a risk. Thus, individuals may often resist fleeing until facing immediate danger. Finally, displacement is often iterative, with few people being able to weight in advance the relative benefits/costs of a given destination. Under this perspective, the explanatory power of migration theories are probably limited.
That being said, existing migration theories may still be useful to understand displacement, by for instance shedding light on who may leave earlier (e.g. the role of wealth in enabling earlier flight). They can also be useful to examine the role of indirect/diffuse hardship due to war on displacement/migration (e.g. economic recession, random bombing/killing). Finally, while the majority of refugees generally find shelter in neighboring countries, living conditions in these countries is frequently challenging. Hence migration, theories may also be useful to understand secondary displacement (e.g. Syrian refugees leaving Turkey to Europe).
I hope this was useful.
Best,
Fabien
Postdoctoral Researcher
Departement of Political Science
University of Geneva
Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 40
1205 Geneve
From: Alex de Sherbinin <adeshe...@ciesin.columbia.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2021 18:19
To: Wrathall, David J <wrat...@oregonstate.edu>
Cc: PERNSeminars - List <pernse...@ciesin.columbia.edu>
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Dear all ! I really enjoy this seminar ! For those of you interested in bringing together theories, I found this 2018 paper by Nicholas Van Hear, Oliver Bakewell and Katy Long quite interesting: the case study at the end on Somalis migrating to RSA due to a combination of violence, climate shocks, networks, entrepreneurial/work opportunities , etc… is especially interesting https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2017.1384135. Beside, I have attempted to list some “mainstream” theories that could be applied to “forced/environmental” migration in a chapter of the Routledge handbook of environmental migration and displacement: https://libra.unine.ch/Publications/Etienne_Piguet/42378
Warmest regards and thanks to the organizers !
Etienne
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Prof. Etienne PIGUET Vice-président CFM/EKM FLSH http://www.unine.ch/geographie Lien vers Publications Lien vers Blog « Politique migratoire » (LE TEMPS) Suivre Suivre sur Twitter
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Nouveau livre : Asile et Réfugiés – Repenser la protection
Just published :
Shortening distances, containment and asymmetry of rights - An interpretation of the 2015/16 “migration crisis” in Europe. Journal of Refugee Studies On line in advance of print (2020).
African students’ emigration intentions: case studies in Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, and Senegal. African Geographical Review:1-15 (2020).
Climatic statelessness, Population and Development Review 45 (4): 865-883 (2019).
Climate migration myths, Nature (Climate Change) 9: 901-903 (2019)
Human Migration in the Era of Climate Change. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy 13 (2):189-206 (2019).
De : fabien....@gmail.com <fabien....@gmail.com>
Envoyé : lundi, 17 mai 2021 15:16
À : 'Alex de Sherbinin' <adeshe...@ciesin.columbia.edu>; 'Wrathall, David J' <wrat...@oregonstate.edu>
Cc : 'PERNSeminars - List' <pernse...@ciesin.columbia.edu>
Objet : RE: [PERN Cyberseminar] A demographic perspective on the role of environmental and climate change on forced migration and population displacement
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