I'm not an expert in Chrome -- you may want to ask this question on
chromium-dev since it's mostly about Chrome
but I poked around and in the code and found something in
chrome/browser/devtools/devtools_window.c
that disables the UI aspect of it for kiosk mode and pointed at
https://crbug.com/514551
to me that seems to indicate that the UI stuff is disabled, but
doesn't say anything about the remote debugging so it seems like it
should work.