Weird, I did the same thing but within a Popup page Inspector (when I replied) and it returned the correct string.
Must be a bug for background pages then because I just did it from the background page and it was indeed an empty string. I have filled the following bug:
Thank you, star that issue if you would like to get updates!
Another way to do LTR and RTL layout, is directly within the CSS:
direction: __MSG_@@bidi_dir__;
The bidi messages work on other extension pages like popup, and custom ones. So you can still use that approach.
Kind regards,
Mohamed Mansour