In my opinion, I think this is a bug.
"extension_pages": "script-src 'self'; object-src 'self';"
The worker-src fallbacks to the script-src.
In theory, "worker-src 'self'" means that you can't create a worker with a blob url.
To create a worker with a blob url, the CSP should be
"worker-src 'self' blob:" (i.e. explicitly add "blob:", but it is not allowed by
the minimum CSP)
For example, let's start a localhost web server, and open a localhost web page with
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="worker-src 'self'">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="worker-src 'self' blob:">
then you can validate that it can't create a worker with a blob url if CSP is worker-src 'self' only.
But the problem is that it works in an extension context without blob: csp.