Now I get it. The translation is "shortcut". :)
1. A URL shortcut and a regular shortcut is not the same thing (on Windows, anyway).
2. You way of creating a shortcut is "Creating application shortcuts...", which is not a regular "open a browser with this URL", it is "open this URL in Chrome (specifically) in application mode", which is a window without a toolbar and without an address bar.
Anyway, this sounds like a bug.
When I use "Create application shortcuts...", though, the target shows -
So, I see the URL in the shortcut.
Can you paste the full target ("Doel" in your case)?
It looks like you are trying to create a shortcut for a Chrome application (which is something you install from the web store), in which case, you must install the Chrome application again in order to open it using that shortcut.
And replace that ID in the URL with the value of --app-id from the shortcut target (ihinnbdg... in your case).
Then click on Add to Chrome or Install in order to re-install that Chrome application and the shortcut should work (though your locally stored data might be missing since you renamed your profile directory)