Ah, it's not quite clear from those docs whether UWP apps can have unrestricted access to a) registry and b) file system. Those docs suggest that UWP apps will be given a sandboxed / virtualised version of each of those (which would just be unacceptable for Chrome), but they also mention that UWP apps can have a "full trust" component and an "app container" component. Perhaps the "full trust" component can keep on using the real registery / file system. It's pretty vague.
(If that's the case, then this seems like a pretty nice architecture, allowing app developers a sliding scale of only asking for as much power as they need, with additional portability benefits for apps that don't require any "full trust" powers.)