You can try to generate the tsconfig.json for the area of the code that you're working on.
I work mostly on //ui/file_manager/ and I generate like this:
$ ash/webui/personalization_app/tools/gen_tsconfig.py --root_out_dir out/dbg-cros/ --gn_target ui/file_manager:test_build_ts
For your screenshot probably something like:
$ ash/webui/personalization_app/tools/gen_tsconfig.py --root_out_dir out/Default --gn_target chrome/browser/resources/settings:build_ts
After that we might need to git ignore that generate tsconfig.json.