TL;DR: Check out
go/cros-vm for instructions to run telemetry on a ChromeOS VM.
In the past, running telemetry on ChromeOS meant you had to pick up a device from Chromestop, configure it with a ChromeOS test image using a USB key, and connect it to a special test network.
We now have a downloadable VM that's available for use on your development workstation.
Instructions on launching the VM and running telemetry unit tests are here:
go/cros-vm.
Obviously performance data is meaningless in the VM, but you ought to be able to test your CLs against the VM to ensure you haven't broken ChromeOS[1]. Hopefully this is something people will do for larger refactoring CLs.
Please try it out and let me know if you run into any issues.
Achuith.
[1] The cycle time for unit tests on ChromeOS is still too long for a default trybot, and we don't have KVM support in GCE, so it's unlikely that this will be available as a tryserver anytime soon.