To avoid cross-posting, I'll BCC chromium-dev@ and net-dev@, and assume the substantive conversation on security-dev@ (unless this should be redirected somewhere else for extensions), given the concerns.
I've shared early review feedback with Roland in the past, but I'm torn on whether it's appropriate - on privacy grounds - to send the sentChain and builtChain in event of TLS errors or when it chains to a local trust anchor. It may be due to not understanding the fullness of the extensions security model with respect to permissions grants, but this would reveal significantly more information - potentially down to identifying the user - that would not otherwise be accessible.
For example, Chrome's implementation of HPKP (and Expect-CT) explicitly do not report on either of these conditions, to avoid the disclosure of users' sensitive information. Roland has already noted this as an "Open Question" at the end, and while my own take is that yes, it presents a privacy risk, I don't know whether that privacy risk is acceptable. Similarly, I don't know whether the implications can be succinctly expressed in a permission grant.
Regarding the ciphersuite, while I'm inclined to suggest that this should use the
TLS ciphersuite registry (a uint16), rather than the string form, this is largely because Chrome would otherwise have no need for these strings (other than user interface reasons, which can and do change from time to time)
As for the use cases, I'm not sure whether Item 1 is compliant with the Chrome WebStore's policies (my understanding is that sharing information from webRequest was a prohibited action), and I'm not sure that Item 4 is consistent with Chrome's desired/intended feature set (in as much as Chrome itself does not attempt to make this distinction, due to the ecosystem effects). Items 2, 3, and 5 seem like reasonable use cases that would suggest there is value, but these all seem somewhat tied to the privacy-sensitive aspects.
I think it would be useful to hear more from folks on Chromium who work on privacy, permissions, and extensions to share what they think about this.