PageSpeed Insights lab test does just a load of the page and doesn't scroll or interact with the page in any other way.
The CrUX data (shown at the top if the page) is collected over the previous 28 days from real users - who do scroll, and interact with the page.
For example, if you install the
Web Vitals Extension, open dev tools, switch the browser to mobile emulation mode, and view the console, then scroll to the bottom, and then reload the page you see a sizeable CLS:
Now I'm not saying that's necessarily what your site visitors are doing, but that's just the first example I saw of getting CLS - and one that a Lighthouse load at just the top of the page doesn't see.
Thanks,
Barry