With VS 2017 Microsoft stopped setting environment variables to indicate where VS was installed. Nobody has bothered to write the necessary code to track down copies of VS that aren't installed in the default location.
I'm glad you found the right place to modify the script to get past this. A better long-term solution is to set this environment variable:
set vs2017_install=E:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional
If you want to create a patch so that the Chromium build system can properly find VS 2017 I'd be happy to review it.
Note that you don't have to set GYP_MSVS_VERSION - VS 2017 has been the default for a little while now.